Cells

Question 1

What does an animal cell have?

Answer 1

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Question 2

What does a plant cell have?

Answer 2

Cell wall 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Vacuole 
Chloroplast 
Cell membrane

Question 3

In which type of cell is the nucleus found? What is its function?

Answer 3

Both

Stores genetic information in the form of chromosomes

Question 4

In which type of cell is the cell membrane found? What is its function?

Answer 4

Both

Controls which substances enter & leave cell; selectively permeable

Question 5

In which type of cell is the cell wall found? What is its function?

Answer 5

Plant

Made of cellulose, rigid structure helps support & protect cell. Fully permeable.

Question 6

In which type of cell is the cytoplasm found? What is its function?

Answer 6

Both

Site of chemical reactions

Question 7

In which type of cell is the vacuole found? What is its function?

Answer 7

Plant

Large & permanent, contains water/cell sap & provides support

Question 8

In which type of cell is the chloroplast found? What is its function?

Answer 8

Plant
Contains chlorophyll which traps light for photosynthesis
Site of photosynthesis

Question 9

In which type of cell are the chromosomes found? What is its function?

Answer 9

Both
Found in the nucleus
Contain genetic information in form of genes

Question 10

How do we prevent air bubbles?

Answer 10

Get a mounted needle
Set up cover slip at 45 degree angle
Lower it down carefully
Repeat if you still see air bubbles

Question 11

What is a stem cell?

Answer 11

A simple, undifferentiated cell in animals & plants,which has the ability to divide, and become differentiated to form cells of the same type

Question 12

Why are embryonic stell cells better to use in medicine?

Answer 12

Easier to extract & culture

Can differentiate into wide range of cells

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of adult stem cells in medicine?

Answer 13

Difficult to extract

Produce limited range of cells

Question 14

What disease can stem cells be used to treat? How does the treatment go?

Answer 14

Leukaemia, when the WBCs produced in the bone marrow function abnormally & lose ability to fight disease
First stage - chemotherapy & radiotherapy to destroy cancerous WBCs in body
Second stage - patient is then given transplant of bone marrow containing stem cells from healthy, matching donor. If successful, these doner stem cells will multiply & produce healthy blood cells in patient.

Question 15

What are the risks of stem cell treatment?

Answer 15

Chemotherapy & radiotherapy leaves patient with no immune system
Stem cells may divide in uncontrolled way & produce tumours or unwanted cell types
They may transfer viruses or diseases

Question 16

Why do people have ethical issues with stem cell treatment?

Answer 16

Necessitates destruction of embryos

Question 17

What are multi-celled organisms? What do they do?

Answer 17

Specialised tissues, organs & organ systems
Improve exchange with environment
Transport substances
Communicate between cells

Question 18

What are cells?

Answer 18

The building blocks which make up all living organisms, e.g. nerve cell

Question 19

What are tissues?

Answer 19

A group of similar cells with a similar function, e.g. nervous tissue

Question 20

What are organs?

Answer 20

A group of tissues which carry out a specific function, e.g. brain

Question 21

What are organ systems?

Answer 21

A group of organs which work together to carry out a specific function, e.g. nervous system

Question 22

What is an organism?

Answer 22

Organ systems work together to help the organism lead its own life & reproduce, e.g. human