Reproduction Flashcards
What is Testosterone?
Where is it produced?
What is its function?
It is a main male sex hormone.
It is produced in the testes
It stimulates sperm production
What happens in stage 1 of the menstrual cycle which is from Day 1 to 7
The blood and the uterus lining passes out of the body through the vagina
What happens in stage 2 of the menstrual cycle from day 6 to 10
The lining of the uterus builds up again (thickens) in preparation for a fertilised egg
What happens in stage 3 of the menstrual cycle from day 14 till 28
Ovulation occurs and the lining is maintained. If the egg is fertilised by a sperm and it will embed itself in the uterus or if there is one then the cycle starts over again
What is ovulation
When a mature egg is released from a follicle from one of the ovaries into the oviduct
Where is FSH produced?
What is its function?
FSH is produced in the pituitary gland.
It stimulates an egg to mature in the ovary and it stimulate oestrogen
Where is Oestrogen produced?
What is its function?
Oestrogen is produced in the ovaries.
It makes the lining of the uterus and it inhibits FSH so that it only produces one egg but stimulates LH
Where is LH produced?
What is its function?
LH is produced in the pituitary glands
It causes ovulation which is when an egg is released into the oviduct. It stimulates progesterone
Where is Progesterone produced?
What is its function?
Progesterone is produced in the ovaries
It maintains the lining of the uterus and inhibits FSH and LH
How does a combined pill work?
What are its advantages and disadvantage?
How effective is it?
Is it hormonal or non hormonal?
-The pill is taken for 21 days and then not taken for the other 7 days.
-It contains Oestrogen and Progesterone which stops FSH and LH
Its advantages are:
-very effective
-reduces risk of cancer of ovaries, uterus and colon
Its disadvantages are :
-Easy to forget
Doesn’t protect against STI’s
It is more than 99 percent effective
It is hormonal
How does a only pill/progesterone pill work?
What are its advantages and disadvantage?
How effective is it?
Is it hormonal or non hormonal?
-The pill is taken same time everyday
-Has progesterone which stops FSH producing egg and stops LH releasing egg
Advantages:
-Taken same time everyday so easy to remember
- Reduces symptoms of a painful period
Disadvantages:
-No protection against STIs
-No regular periods
-Medication is like antibiotics as it’s less effective
- It’s more than 99 percent effective
- It is hormonal
How does a condom and diaphragm work?
What are its advantages and disadvantage?
How effective is it?
Is it hormonal or non hormonal?
-The condom is worn over the penis
-The diaphragm covers the cervix to stop the sperm from meeting the egg as it creates a barrier.
-The female condom is worn inside the vagina
Advantages:
-Protection against STIs
- No medical side effects
-Very effective when used correctly
Disadvantages:
-Not effective if the condom splits
-You could have allergies to latex
-It is 98 percent effective
It is non-hormonal
How does a injection/implant/patch work?
What are its advantages and disadvantage?
How effective is it?
Is it hormonal or non hormonal?
-The injection is injected at the back or in the bottom every 13 years
-The implant is injected in the arm every 3 years
-The patch is replaced weekly
-All of them contain progesterone
Advantages:
-Don’t have to remember to take contraceptive
-Reduces risk of ovaries, womb and colon cancer
Disadvantages:
-Site of implant lead to an infection
-Don’t protect against STI’s
-It’s 99 percent effective
It is hormonal
How does an Intrauterine device (IUD) work?
What are its advantages and disadvantage?
How effective is it?
Is it hormonal or non hormonal?
T-shape coil made of copper inserted in womb. It prevents a fertilised egg from implanting in the womb. It changes the fluid so sperm can't survive Advantages: -Last up to 10 years depending on type -Don't have to think about contraception -Provides lubrication Disadvantages: -Periods may be painful -No protection against STIs -Vaginal bleeding and pain
99 percent effective
non-hormonal
How are the hormones used in IVF?
The other is given FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation of several eggs. The FSH stimulates the production of many eggs. LH injections causes the eggs to be released from the ovaries
