Repro wk 1 Flashcards
withdrawl bleeding following the admin of a progestin imples the patients has what levels of pituitary gonadottopins?
normal levels, because what happens is that withdrawa bleed means the progestin was being adminstered and then the progestin was stopped and the woman started bleeding = correct, usually progesterone maintains your progestation uterus
the layer of the endometrium that remains to regenerate after menstuation is
the basal zone
what is the most common pattern of hormonal change for amenorrhea caused by PCOS?
normal estrogen, decreased progesterone, high androgen
PCOS is associate with what elevated hormone?
elevated plasma lutenizing hormone ( LH)
the hormone produced by the crpus luteum which inhibitos ovulation is
progesterone
the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the synthesis of high levels of
high estrogen levels in the ovary
what is the role of FSH in menstuation?
FSH induced the granulosa cell’s LH receptors within the dominant follicle. this relates to the “ two cell theory” of estrogen synthesis, where the developing follicle requires both granulosa cells and the theca.
what are the products of the second meiosis released from teh graffian follicle during ovulation?
secondary oocyte and first polar body.
the progressive sequence ( with some steps omitted) in the metabolism of steroid hormones is:
cholesterol pregnenolone to androstenedione estradiol
what is the ejaculatory duct?
when the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle meet, to go into the prostate together.
trace the path of sperm during ejaculation
seminiferous tubules. epididymis, vas deferens, urethra
which cell from the list is haploid: spermatogonium primary spermatocyte spermatid sertoli cell
spermatid
physiologically mature spermatozoa could be obtain from wihch region(s) of the male reproductive tract?
cause epididymis ( distal part of the epi)
in the azoospermic male, the diagnosis of testiculare failure can be made by the finding of elevated levels of:
FSH. the sertoili cells of the tests produce inhibitn, which maintains the FSH in normal range. Injury to the sertoli cells reduce inhibin production, thus permitting FSH levels to rise. Finding elevated FSH in men with azoospermia is evidence that the lesion lies within the testes
the simplest and most accurate way to test and confirm ovulation is to do a:
mid luteal progesterone assay.
the fertilized human ovum implants in the uterus at what day after ovulation?
approximately 6 days after ovulation
which contraception method has the highest failure rate?
natural family planning methods ( basal temperature etc)
a couple has unprotected intercourse for a year and have not conceived, what would you advise the couple do regarding the most productive approach to pregnancy?
donor oocyte IVF
in PCOS, the rist of what is NOT shown to be increasd .
osteoporosis, the risk has not been shown to increase in PCOS.
what are indications for cyclic progestin therapy in PCOS?
protection of the endometrium from changes associted with chronic anovulation ( eg against hyperplastic and neoplastic changes) . treating hirsuitism and insulin resistance are not indications
what is the general probabiltiy of conceiving during a monthly cycle?
20%
a 30 yr old G2 P2 presents with 18 months history of inability to conceive following an emergency surgery for a ruptured apprendix. She developed an acute appendicitis after the borth of her seocnd child 2 years ago and decided to try 6 months after the srugery to become pregnant again her most likely diagnosis is:
tubal disease
a 28 yr olf female athelete prevent with inability to conceive despite unprotected intercourse for 18 months. per periods are erratic and stopped 18 months ago. her lower genital tract appears hypoestrogenic. the most likely diagnosis is:
hypothalamic amenorrhea ( hypohypo)
clomiphene citrate is the most likely to be effective in restoring fertility in a patient with what disorder?
oligomenorrhea
testicular varicoceles should be repaired when:
when present if there is no other explanation for the male factor infertility in association with abnormal bulk semen parameters
