Repro Week 3 formative Flashcards
Obesity is a particularly big risk factor for cancer of which body part
Oesophagus
What is the current age range for cervical screening
25-64
Why does functional residual capacity decrease in pregnancy
Uterus compresses diaphragm as it grows
What happens to cardiac contractility during pregnancy
Increases
To allow for extra force to pump blood to the fetus
Name 4 causes for a Large-For-Dates baby
Fibroid uterus
Multiple pregnancy
Polyhydramnios
Fetal Macrosomia
How is fetal growth assessed in utero
Symphyseal fundal height in cm
What are the 2 ducts which can grow into the male and female reproductive tracts respectively
Mesonephric (Wolffian) –> male tract
Paramesonephric (Mullerian) –> female tract
Mullerian - M for Mum
Name 4 risk factors for IntraUterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
Smoking
Previous IUGR in pregnancy
BMI < 18
Conception by IVF
What is measured to screen for Down Syndrome risk
Nuchal Thickness
What is the Nuchal thickness
Skin thickness behind fetal neck
How is Nuchal Thickness measured
Ultrasound
During what gestation is Nuchal Thickness measured
11-14 weeks
On abdominal palpation, the fundus of the pregnant uterus is normally palpable for a singleton pregnancy at which gestation
12 weeks
Give 4 anaesthesia options for a woman requiring forceps delivery
Spinal
Epidural
Pudendal nerve block
Perineal block
What cannot be confirmed from an early pregnancy scan
The sex of the fetus
Pain from the body of the uterus is carried in which nerve fibres
Visceral afferent fibres to T11-L2 spinal cord levels
Which bony landmark is used to administer a pudendal nerve block and how can it be located
Ischial Spine
can be palpated at 4 and 8 o’clock on vaginal exam
What is the major advantage of MRI over CT scan for imaging the pelvis in females of reproductive age?
No ionising radiation
Why might a CT scan be used instead of an MRI in the case of an Obs & Gynae malignancy
To look for distant metastases to lungs and mediastinum
MRI has poor depiction of lung parenchyma
