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Misc. Notes Year 3 > Pastest Neuro > Flashcards

Pastest Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates

A

Listeria

Group B strep

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children

A

H. Influenza

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in people 10- 21 years old

A

Meningococcal

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults

A

Pneumococcal

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in immunocompromised people

A

Strep Pneumonia
Neisseria
Listeria

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in recent neurosurgery/trauma

A

Staph Aureus/ epidermidis

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in a fracture of the cribriform plate

A

Pneumococcal

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8
Q

Which anti epileptic drug can rarely cause agranulocytosis/ aplastic anaemia

A

Carbamazepine

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9
Q

What should you suspect if someone presents with Foot drop, Pes Cavus, Scoliosis and a stamping gait

A

Heriditary Sensorimotor Neuropahty

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10
Q

Bilateral medial temporal lobe lesions could cause which syndrome and how would this present

A

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Hyper-sexuality and mouthing objects

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11
Q

What will an EEG show in Delirium

A

Diffuse slowing

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12
Q

Aphasia as a stroke symptom suggests which artery involvement

A

Dominant hemisphere MCA (usually left)

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13
Q

Syringomyelia tends to affect which sensory modality

A

Pain and temperature

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14
Q 
A triad of 
Encephalopathy 
Oculomotor dysfunction 
Gait ataxia 
suggest what
A

B1 deficiency

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

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15
Q

What is the difference between Bulbar Palsy and Pseudo-bulbar palsy

A

Bulbar palsy is impairment of CN IX, X, XI, XII with LMN signs
Pseudo-bulbar is with UMN signs

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16
Q

An elevated level of 14-3-3 protein in CSF suggests which disease

A

Creutzfeld- Jakob disease

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17
Q

Which disease progresses rapidly to Akinetic Mutism and has no cure

A

Creutzfeld- Jakob disease

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18
Q

What degenerates in ALS

A

Anterior Horn Cells and UMN’s in the motor cortex

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19
Q

If someone has an unprovoked first seizure, how long can they not drive for

A

6 months

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20
Q

If someone has their first seizure and an underlying cause is identified, how long can they not drive for

A

1 year

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21
Q

What is Trazodone and which progressive disease can it be used for

A

Serotonin Antagonist/Reuptake Inhibitor

Frontotemporal dementia

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22
Q

Which disease might you investigate by doing nerve conduction studies with repetitive stimulation

A

Myasthenia gravis

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23
Q

What is used to treat Myasthenia Gravis

A

Pyridostigmine

24
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Eyes
Verbal
Motor

25
Q

What are the scoring options for the Eyes part of the GCS

A

Open spontaneously - 4
Open to speech - 3
Open to pain - 2
Dont open - 1

26
Q

What are the scoring options for the Verbal part of the GCS

A 
Orientated - 5 
Confused - 4
Inappropriate words - 3
Inappropriate sounds - 2
No response - 1
27
Q

What are the scoring options for the Motor part of the GCS

A 
Obeys commands - 6
Localises pain - 5
Withdraws from pain - 4
Abnormal flexion - 3
Abnormal extension - 2
No response - 1
28
Q

Gingival overgrowth is a side effect of which neuro drug

A

Phenytoin

29
Q

Name the gold standard treatment for Parkinson’s

A

Levodopa- Carbidopa

30
Q

Name a COMT inhibitor used for Parkinson’s treatment

A

Entacapone

31
Q

Name a Dopamine Agonist used for Parkinson’s treatment

A

Pramipexole

32
Q

Name a MAO-B inhibitor used in Parkinson’s treatment

A

Rasagiline

33
Q

Name an NMDA antagonist used for Parkinson’s

A

Amantadine

34
Q

A butterfly pattern on the caudate nucleus in a CT scan suggests what

A

Huntington’s disease

35
Q

India ink stain is a buzzword for which infective condition

A

Cryptococcal Meningitis

36
Q

If someone has a postural headache which is worse when standing up and relieved by lying down, what should you think of

A

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

37
Q

How is Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension treated

A

Epidural blood patch

38
Q

Which anti-epileptic can cause Gynaecomastia

A

Carbamazepine

39
Q

Which anti-epileptic can cause a folate deficiency

A

Phenytoin

40
Q

Which anti-epileptics can cause ataxia

A

Gabapentin

Valproate

41
Q

Which organism is particularly likely to be the cause of a brain abscess

A

Strep. Milleri

42
Q

What are flail leg and flail arm syndrome and what can they present in

A

can present in ALS
by progressive, proximal weakness of upper limbs without involvement of the lower limb, bulbar or respiratory muscles
Flail leg is same but for lower limbs

43
Q

Which gene is mutated in dominant and recessive Parkinson’s

A

LRRK2 - dominant

Parkin - recessive

44
Q

Which one of tremor dominant parkinson’s and non-tremor dominant has a slower rate of progression

A

tremor-dominant

45
Q

How are REM sleep disorders diagnosed

A

Overnight polysomnography

46
Q

How are REM sleep disorders treated

A

Clonazepam/Melatonin at bedtime

47
Q

If someone below the age of 50 with parkinsonism, which disease are they tested for

A

Wilson’s disease

48
Q

A hot cross bun sign on MRI suggests which disease and why is the sign present

A

Multi system atrophy

Pons atrophy

49
Q

CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene suggests which disease

A

Fragile X-Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)

50
Q

Which cells are lost in the Primary Lateral Sclerosis variant of MND

A

Betz cells in the motor cortex

51
Q

Which drugs can be used for migraine prophylaxis

A

Propanolol
Topiramate
Amitriptyline

52
Q

Which drugs can be used for cluster headache prophylaxis

A

Verapamil

Prednisolone

53
Q

What is the treatment for Paroxysmal Hemicrania

A

Indomethacin

54
Q

What is the treatment for SUNCT

A

Lamotrigine

Gabapentin

55
Q

Do cluster headaches affect Males or Females more

A

Males 5:1

56
Q

What is a butterfly glioma

A

A glioma which crosses the midline using the corpus callosum

Misc. Notes Year 3 (25 decks)

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