Psych Misc. Flashcards
What does the ASEPTIC mnemonic stand for
Appearance and behaviour Speech (pace, volume, tone, articulation) Emotion (speech & effect) Perception (hallucination) Though (thought disorders) Insight Cognition
What is Beck’s cognitive triad and which condition is it seen in
Negative thoughts about : Oneself The world The future seen in depression
What are the 3 core symptoms of depression
Anergia (low energy)
Anhedonia (Low pleasure in normal activities)
Low mood
Which neurotransmitter is used in Appetitive/ Approach systems
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter is used in Aversive/ Defensive systems
Serotonin
What are the 4 core diagnostic criteria for Anorexia Nervosa
Weight loss 15% of body weight
Self-induced weight loss
Self-perception of fatness
Widespread endocrine disorder
What are the three types of detention under the Mental Health Act
Emergency Detention
Short-term detention
Compulsory Treatment order
How long does an emergency detention last
Up to 72 hours
How long does a Short Term detention last
Up to 28 days
How long does a Compulsory Treatment Order last
Up to 6 months
Which of the Mental Health Act detentions authorise treatment
Short-term and compulsory treatment order
Emergency if the treatment is an emergency situation
Which Mental Health Acts are able to be appealed
Short-Term Detention
Compulsory Treatment Order
What are the 3 main anxiety disorders
Genralised Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Social Anxiety DIsorder
Describe Generalised Anxiety Disorder and the possible treatments
Excessive persistent worrying which is not restricted to particular circumstances
CBT –> SSRI –> Pregabalin
Describe Panic Disorder and the possible treatments
Recurrent and predictable panic attacks
CBT –> SSRI –> Tricyclic
Describe Social Anxiety Disorder and the possible treatments
Persistent fear of being observed or evaluated negatively by people
CBT –> SSRI
How long after a traumatic event can PTSD be diagnosed
3 Months
What does the mnenomic FAANDER stand for
Flashbacks Nightmares Avoidance Arousal (increased) Emotional numbness Dissociation Re-enactment
Which tricyclic drug can be used for OCD
Clomipramine
What are the IQ cutoffs for Mild, Moderate, Severe and Profound learning disability
Mild - 50-69
Moderate - 35-49
Severe - 20-34
Profound - <20
Which pathway is involved in addiction
Mesolimbic
Which drugs can be given for alcohol relapse prevention and withdrawal symptoms and what should you start after detox
Alcohol relapse prevention –> Naltrexone
Withdrawal symptoms –> Chlorodiazepoxide (BZD)
Start Acamprosate
What is the ADHD diagnostic triad
Impulsivity
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Name two 1st line drugs for ADHD
Methylphenidate
Dexamfetamine
What are Schneider’s 4 first rank symptoms of Schizophrenia
Delusions
Auditory Hallucinations (typically 3rd person)
Thought interference
Passivity phenomenon
What are the 4 A’s of insight
Awareness one’s own symptoms
Attribution of symptoms to a mental health disorder
Appraisal of consequences
Acceptance of treatment
What is early morning awakening defined as
Waking at least 2 hours before normal
Define Bipolar I
At least 1 Manic episode
Define Bipolar II
At least 1 Hypomanic episode
Define Bipolar III
Hypomania following antidepressant use for depression
Define Bipolar IV
Depressions arising from a normally elevated mood
What is the difference between atypical and typical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics have a high 5-HT2A to D2 ratio and are less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics
Give 4 examples of extrapyramidal side effects
Acute Dystonic Reaction
Parkinsonism
Akasthisia
Tardive dyskinesia
What is an acute dystonic reaction
Muscle spasms
Comes on as a side effect of antipsychotics in hours to days
What is akathisia
Internal restlessness
patient will complain of a need to constantly move
What is tardive dyskinesia
Repetitive involuntary purposeless movements- grimacing
Takes years to come on and may persist even after antipsychotics are stopped
What is the long-term serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics
Metabolic syndrome
What is Pseudodementia
Severe depression which mimics dementia but gives a pattern of global memory loss instead of short term
What is oculogyric crisis an example of
Tardive dyskinesia
What drug can you give for someone experiencing acute dystonic reaction
Procyclidine
What drug can you give for someone experiencing akathisia
Propanolol
What drug can you give for someone experiencing tardive dyskinesia
Tetrabenazine
What is the most common endocrine disorder as a result of chronic lithium toxicity
Hypothyroidism
What is somatisation and how long must symptoms be present for
Multiple physical symptoms for >2 years
Patient refuses reassurance
What is hypochondria disorder
Persistent belief in serious underlying disorder
What is conversion disorder
Purely motor or sensory symptoms in a person who is not looking for material gain
What is factitious disorder and what is another name for it
Munchausen syndrome
Intentional production of physical/ psychological symptoms
What is malingering
Fraudulent simulation for material gain
What can differentiate mania from hypomania
Presence of psychotic symptoms
e.g delusions of grandeur or auditory hallucinations
Which of the antipsychotics is least likely to cause hyperprolactinaemia
Aripiprazole
How are pseudohallucinations different from normal hallucinations
The patient knows that what they are seeing isn’t real
SSRI’s in pregnancy can cause what
1st trimester - a risk of congenital defects
2nd trimester - a risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension
Which SSRI is used for children and adolescents
Fluoxetine
What kind of incontinence is caused by tricyclics
Overflow
Most things are low in anorexia nervosa
Which 6 things are raised
3 G’s and 3 C’s
GH Cortisol
Glucose Cholesterol
salivary Glands Carotene
Increase in appetite is a characteristic side effect of which anti-depressant
Mirtazapine
What lifestyle change can cause a significant rise in clozapine blood levels
Smoking Cessation
If someone is showing poor compliance to oral antipsychotics, what should be considered
Should be considered for a once monthly IM depot
Name a 2nd line drug for ADHD
Atomoxetine
