REPRO- Male Reproductive System Flashcards
Label the Image
Label the image
Outline the course of sperm production
Seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
Ductuli efferentes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
What is the capsule called that surrounds seminferious tubules?
Tunica Albuginea
What is the tunica vaginalis?
Pouch of serous membrane which covers the testes
Consists of:
- Parietal layer
- Cavity
- Visceral layer
What is a hydrocoele?
Cavity part of tunica vaginalis fills with serous fluid
Transilluminates when torch shined here
What two cell types are found in the seminiferous tubule?
Sertoili cells
Leydig cells
What do sertoli cells do?
Strip away mucus from sperm to support spermatogenesis
What do leydig cells do?
Production of androgens, has many SER as there is lots of lipid metabolism
Complete the table
Label the image
What is the function of the pampiniform venous plexus?
Counter-current flow system to cool blood flowing to the testes
Allows spermatogenesis to occur at 35 degrees
What happens in testicular torsion?
Testes twist around their axis
Occludes drainage
This leads leads to blockage
Cell death
What is the treatment of testicular torsion?
Open the scrotum, twist it back into the original position
Suture is placed to prevent re-twisting
Done on both side as a preventative measure
What is a bell-clapper deformity?
Genetic cause
Tunica vaginalis fully invaginates the testes and part of the spermatic cord
Testes have more range of movement and can twist more easily
How quickly should testicular torsion be treated?
Within 12 hours
Otherwise will become necrotic, and potassium will enter blood stream potentially causing arrythmias
May be necessary to remove both testes if there are antigens on unaffected as immune system may attack the healthy teste leading to necrosis
Why are testes unable to swap sides?
Presence of scrotal septum
Outline the descent of the testes
Testes are initially high up in the abdomen
Testes evaginate the abdominal wall as they pulled downwards by the gubernaculum
Abdominal muscles form the spermatic fascia surround the testis and its vessels
What does the descent of the testes also lead to?
Formation of the inguinal canal
What is the rule of 3 of the spermatic cord?
3 fascial layers
3 arteries / veins
3 nerves
3 others
What are the 3 fascial layers of the spermatic cord and their origins?
External spermatic fascia- external oblique
Cremasteric fascia- internal oblique
Internal spermatic fascia- transversalis fascia
What are the 3 arteries / veins in the spermatic cord?
Testicular artery / vein (pampiniform plexus)
Vein from the vas
Cremasteric vein
What are the 3 nerves in the spermatic cord?
Autonomics- sympathetics to the vas
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve- motor to cremaster
Ilioinguinal- sensory to external genitals and upper inner thigh
What are the 3 ‘others’ of the spermatic cord?
The vas
Lymphatics
Patent processus vaginalis- normally obliterates, not usually present
Label the image
Water under the bridge
Ureter passes under vas deferens
How are vasectomies carried out?
Incision in scrotum
Cut the vas deferens
Label this image of the prostate
Where do ejaculatory ducts join with the urethra?
In the prostate
Where do prostate cancers and BPH tend to be?
Prostate cancers tend to be in the peripheral zone
BPH tends to affect the transitional zone
Why are prostate cancers generally asymptomatic?
As they grow in the peripheral zone they do not compress the urethra
Luckily BPH tends to develop at the same time which compresses the urethra as BPH affects the transitional zone, thus causing urinary hesistancy
What problems are faced when catheterising males?
- Have to straighten the penis due to the various bends
- External urethral sphincter can cause increased difficulty
- More elderly patients who are more likely need catheterisation tend to have enlarged prostates compressing the urethra
- Retraction of foreskin, remember to put back
What are the functions of the penis?
- Expulsion of urine
- Sperm deposition
- Removal of competitor sperm
- Attraction
Label the image
What causes erection?
Parasympathetic stimulation
Vasodilation in penile arterioles, compression of veins
Terminated by vasoconstriction by sympathetics
Why is corpus spongiosum not an erectile tissue?
Would cause compression of the urethra, as the urethra passes though here
What ligament anchors the penis to the body?
Suspensory ligament
Attaches to the pubic symphysis
What do corpus cavernosa and spongiosum attach to?
Corpus cavernosum- originates from the crus of the penis
Corpus spongiosum- originates from the bulb of the penis
What happens in a fractured penis?
Tunica albuginea is ruptured
Needs to be fixed surgically to prevent occlusion and deposition of scar tissue causing the penis to become bent
Describe the fibre arrangement in the tunica albuginea
Collagen fires are arranged at right angles to each other
One circumfrential, one parallel to penile long axis
Outline the blood supply to the penis
From internal pudendal artery- from internal iliac
Dorsal arteries of the penis
Deep arteries of penis
Bulbourethral arteries
What needs to be established when treating transgender men?
Establish if they have a cervix as cervical screening may still be necessary
Label the image
