REPRO- Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Label the Image

Answer 1

Question 2

Label the image

Answer 2

Question 3

Outline the course of sperm production

Answer 3

Seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
Ductuli efferentes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

Question 4

What is the capsule called that surrounds seminferious tubules?

Answer 4

Tunica Albuginea

Question 5

What is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 5

Pouch of serous membrane which covers the testes

Consists of:
- Parietal layer
- Cavity
- Visceral layer

Question 6

What is a hydrocoele?

Answer 6

Cavity part of tunica vaginalis fills with serous fluid

Transilluminates when torch shined here

Question 7

What two cell types are found in the seminiferous tubule?

Answer 7

Sertoili cells
Leydig cells

Question 8

What do sertoli cells do?

Answer 8

Strip away mucus from sperm to support spermatogenesis

Question 9

What do leydig cells do?

Answer 9

Production of androgens, has many SER as there is lots of lipid metabolism

Question 10

Complete the table

Answer 10

Question 11

Label the image

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the function of the pampiniform venous plexus?

Answer 12

Counter-current flow system to cool blood flowing to the testes

Allows spermatogenesis to occur at 35 degrees

Question 13

What happens in testicular torsion?

Answer 13

Testes twist around their axis

Occludes drainage

This leads leads to blockage

Cell death

Question 14

What is the treatment of testicular torsion?

Answer 14

Open the scrotum, twist it back into the original position

Suture is placed to prevent re-twisting

Done on both side as a preventative measure

Question 15

What is a bell-clapper deformity?

Answer 15

Genetic cause

Tunica vaginalis fully invaginates the testes and part of the spermatic cord

Testes have more range of movement and can twist more easily

Question 16

How quickly should testicular torsion be treated?

Answer 16

Within 12 hours

Otherwise will become necrotic, and potassium will enter blood stream potentially causing arrythmias

May be necessary to remove both testes if there are antigens on unaffected as immune system may attack the healthy teste leading to necrosis

Question 17

Why are testes unable to swap sides?

Answer 17

Presence of scrotal septum

Question 18

Outline the descent of the testes

Answer 18

Testes are initially high up in the abdomen

Testes evaginate the abdominal wall as they pulled downwards by the gubernaculum

Abdominal muscles form the spermatic fascia surround the testis and its vessels

Question 19

What does the descent of the testes also lead to?

Answer 19

Formation of the inguinal canal

Question 20

What is the rule of 3 of the spermatic cord?

Answer 20

3 fascial layers
3 arteries / veins
3 nerves
3 others

Question 21

What are the 3 fascial layers of the spermatic cord and their origins?

Answer 21

External spermatic fascia- external oblique

Cremasteric fascia- internal oblique

Internal spermatic fascia- transversalis fascia

Question 22

What are the 3 arteries / veins in the spermatic cord?

Answer 22

Testicular artery / vein (pampiniform plexus)

Vein from the vas

Cremasteric vein

Question 23

What are the 3 nerves in the spermatic cord?

Answer 23

Autonomics- sympathetics to the vas

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve- motor to cremaster

Ilioinguinal- sensory to external genitals and upper inner thigh

Question 24

What are the 3 ‘others’ of the spermatic cord?

Answer 24

The vas

Lymphatics

Patent processus vaginalis- normally obliterates, not usually present

Question 25

Label the image

Answer 25

**Water under the bridge** Ureter passes under vas deferens

Question 26

How are vasectomies carried out?

Answer 26

Incision in scrotum Cut the vas deferens

Question 27

Label this image of the prostate

Answer 27

Question 28

Where do ejaculatory ducts join with the urethra?

Answer 28

In the prostate

Question 29

Where do prostate cancers and BPH tend to be?

Answer 29

Prostate cancers tend to be in the peripheral zone BPH tends to affect the transitional zone

Question 30

Why are prostate cancers generally asymptomatic?

Answer 30

As they grow in the peripheral zone they do not compress the urethra Luckily BPH tends to develop at the same time which compresses the urethra as BPH affects the transitional zone, thus causing urinary hesistancy

Question 31

What problems are faced when catheterising males?

Answer 31

* Have to straighten the penis due to the various bends * External urethral sphincter can cause increased difficulty * More elderly patients who are more likely need catheterisation tend to have enlarged prostates compressing the urethra * Retraction of foreskin, remember to put back

Question 32

What are the functions of the penis?

Answer 32

* Expulsion of urine * Sperm deposition * Removal of competitor sperm * Attraction

Question 33

Label the image

Answer 33

Question 34

What causes erection?

Answer 34

**Parasympathetic stimulation** Vasodilation in penile arterioles, compression of veins Terminated by vasoconstriction by sympathetics

Question 35

Why is corpus spongiosum not an erectile tissue?

Answer 35

Would cause compression of the urethra, as the urethra passes though here

Question 36

What ligament anchors the penis to the body?

Answer 36

Suspensory ligament Attaches to the pubic symphysis

Question 37

What do corpus cavernosa and spongiosum attach to?

Answer 37

**Corpus cavernosum**- originates from the crus of the penis **Corpus spongiosum**- originates from the bulb of the penis

Question 38

What happens in a fractured penis?

Answer 38

Tunica albuginea is ruptured Needs to be fixed surgically to prevent occlusion and deposition of scar tissue causing the penis to become bent

Question 39

Describe the fibre arrangement in the tunica albuginea

Answer 39

Collagen fires are arranged at right angles to each other One circumfrential, one parallel to penile long axis

Question 40

Outline the blood supply to the penis

Answer 40

**From internal pudendal artery- from internal iliac** Dorsal arteries of the penis Deep arteries of penis Bulbourethral arteries

Question 41

What needs to be established when treating transgender men?

Answer 41

Establish if they have a cervix as cervical screening may still be necessary

Question 42

Label the image

Answer 42