REPRO-Female Reproductive System Flashcards
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Why can you get sharp pains at ovulation?
Mature egg ruptures its follicle to leave the ovary
Why do nuns tend to get ovarian cancer?
- Do not use contraception
- Do not get pregnant
- Maximum possible number of ovulations- stress to ovary leading to mutations
What is an ovarian cyst?
Fluid filled cyst on the ovary, may be benign or malignant
May twist and get torsion of ovary leading to occluded blood supply to ovary
Why can ovarian cysts be very dangerous?
When carrying out surgery to remove the cyst, it is unknown whether or not the cyst is malignant or benign
If malignant bursting the cyst may lead to seeding
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What are the layers of the uterine wall?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What is the function of the fimbrae?
Collect egg from the ovary
Why can you get constipation during pregnancy?
Expansion of the uterus can compress the rectum or the bladder
Can lead to constipation or urinary frequency
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What is the difference between the external os and internal os?
External os- opens into the vagina
Internal os- opens into the uterus
What signs do you look for with cervical cancer?
New vessel formation - red and inflamed
Pale tissue growth
Ulceration
How do fornices form?
Cervix bulges into top of vagina and forms the fornices
What can happen to the abdominal viscera as pregnancy goes on?
Uterus expands
Stomach compressed by expanded uterus
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What do you need to do for all women who are experiencing abdominal pain?
Pregnancy test
Where is the egg usually fertilised?
Ampulla
What happens in ectopic pregnancies?
Fertilised egg implants in the uterine tube
As there is an opening between the peritoneum and the uterine tubes, may get intraperitoneal ectopics
Why is an ectopic pregnancy an emergency?
Fallopian tubes are unable to expand and cannot accommodate a growing foetus
Can rupture leading to major haemorrhaging
What cells are present within the fallopian tubes which help with fertilisation?
Peg cells- secrete nutrients and supportive factors for sperm
Cilia- waft eggs down to uterus, if immotile increases risk of ectopic pregnancy
What do the uterine tubes open into?
Peritoneal cavity
How can we check the patency of fallopian tubes?
Inject dye into the uterus, as the uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity the dye will leak, if there is no leak there must be a blockage
What pouches are formed as a result of the broad ligament?
Pouch of douglas / rectouterine pouch
Vesicouterine pouch
What ligaments are present in the uterus?
Broad ligament- Peritoneal fold
Round ligament- Remnant of the gubernaculum
Ligament of ovary- Remnant of the gubernaculum
Suspensory ligament of the ovary-neruovascular pathway bulging into peritoneum
What are the different parts of the broad ligament?
All mesentries
Mesovarium- attaches to the hilum of the ovary
Mesosalpinx- encloses the fallopian tubes and connects to the ovary
Mesothelium- surrounds the uterus and encloses the round ligament
What does the ovarian ligament do?
Connects the ovaries to the uterus
What does the suspensory ligament do?
Connects the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall
Contains neurovascular bundles
Formed by tenting of the peritoneum
What does the round ligament do?
Connects the uterine horns to the labia majora by passing through the inguinal canal
Keeps the uterus anteriorly due to tension pulling it forward, in pregnancy excess tension can cause pain in the labia majora
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Where does the ovarian artery originate from?
Abdominal aorta
Where do the uterine and vaginal arteries originate from?
Internal iliac artery
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How do you describe the position of the uterus and vagina?
Anterverted and anteflexed
Anteversion- angle between cervix and vagina
Anteflexion- angle between cervix and uterus
What are the different positions of uterus?
Ante-flexed
< 180 degrees
A for acute, acute angles under 90, so definitely less than 180
Retro-flexed
> 180 degrees
What cells line the vagina?
Stratified squamous - to withstand abrasion
Has vacuoles filled with glycogen
Why does the vagina have vacuoles filled with glycogen?
Nutrients for lactobacilli to maintain low pH
Allows for self-cleaning
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Glans Clitoris and prepuce is the very top part
Vestibule (space inside of labia minora)
What is female genital mutilation?
Removal of parts of the vulva
What needs to be considered when treating a transgender woman?
Trans women usually have a prostate, meaning woman may suffer from symptoms of BPH and/ or prostate cancer
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