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604 Physiology > Repro 1 > Flashcards

Repro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

puberty

A

process of acquiring reproductive competence

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2
Q

What sex does not have a surge center?

A

male

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3
Q

fetal ovary hormone

A

estrogen

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4
Q

fetal testes hormone

A

testosterone

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5
Q

alpha fetal protein (a-FP)

A

secreted by the mother during pregnancy

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6
Q

aromatase

A

enzyyme in males that converts testosterone to estrogen

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7
Q

Why does the male not develop a GnRH surge center?

A

testosterone can freely enter the hypothalamus and gets converted to estrogen which prevents the surge center formation

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8
Q

Why is the female able to develop a surge center?

A

alpha fetal protein from the mother binds to the estrogen from the fetal ovary and prevents the estrogen from entering the hypothalamus so the surge center develops

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9
Q

GnRH before puberty

A

low levels (low amplitude and frequency) controlled by both tonic and surge center

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10
Q

GnRH after puberty in the female

A

basal levels controlled by the tonic center are higher than before puberty d/t increase in frequency, surge center controls LH surgesjust prior to ovulation

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11
Q

LH in the Male

A

small episodes every 2-6 hours that result in testosterone secretion

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12
Q

What hormone peaks just prior to the LH surge in the female?

A

estradiol (causes positive feedback on the surge center so inc. GnRH and therefore inc. LH)

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13
Q

Puberty in the Male

A

due to decreased hypothalamic sensitivity over time to the negative feedback caused by testosterone/estrogen (like developing a tolerance, kind of)

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14
Q

Factors that affect onset of puberty in the female

A

body maturation, amount of body fat, nutrition, environmental and social conditions

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15
Q

Timing of Birth and Onset of Puberty

A

those born closer to their typical cycling time will hit puberty earlier (think spring vs fall lambing)

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16
Q

Effect of Group Size on Puberty

A

smaller group of same sex = later/delayed puberty

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17
Q

Effect of Male Exposure on Female Puberty

A

accelerated puberty (with or without physical contact)

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18
Q

Which species have a menstrual cycle?

A

primates annd humans

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19
Q

Estrus

A

Noun

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20
Q

Estrous

A

adjective, such as the estrous cycle

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21
Q

Three Types of Cyclicity

A
  1. Polyestrus
  2. Seasonally polyestrus
  3. Monoestrus
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22
Q

Polyestrus species

A

cow, queen, pig, rodents

23
Q

Long Day Seasonal Polyestrus

A

mare

24
Q

Short Day Seasonal Polyestrus

A

ewe, doe, elk, nanny

25
Q

Monoestrus

A

dog, wolf, fox, bear

dogs cycle ONCE in the spring (some variations with breed)

26
Q

2 Phases of the Estrous Cycle

A
  1. Follicular Phase
  2. Luteal Phase
27
Q

dominant hormone in the follicular phase?

A

estrogen (from follicles)

28
Q

dominant hormone in the luteal phase

A

progesterone (from CL)

29
Q

What percent of the cycle is spent in the luteal phase?

A

80%

30
Q

4 Parts of the Estrous Cycle

A
  1. Proestrus
  2. Estrus
  3. Metestrus
  4. Diestrus
31
Q

What two parts make up the follicular phase?

A

proestrus and estrus

32
Q

What two parts make up the luteal phase?

A

metestrus and diestrus

33
Q

proestrus

A

formation of ovulatory follicles and estrogen secretion

34
Q

estrus

A

sexual receptivity and peak estrogen secretion

35
Q

metestrus

A

CL formation and beginnning of progesterone secretion

36
Q

diestrus

A

sustained luteal secretion of progesterone

37
Q

What event triggers beginning of metestrus?

A

ovulation

38
Q

Uniqueness of the Bitch Estrous Cycle

A

does not have metestrus; luteal phase length is the same whether or not there is pregnancy

39
Q

Pseudopregnancy in Dogs

A

progesterone levels stay elevated with or without pregnancy during distrus so the bitch may still show nesting behaviors

40
Q

Will the bitch allow mating during proestrus?

A

no

41
Q

Is there much GnRH secretion during anestrus?

A

no, that’s kinda the idea of anestrus

42
Q

Queen Cyclicity

A

INDUCED OVULATORS, so there is no rupture of the follicle without mating, progesterone will only be elevated during pregnancy

43
Q

Anestrus

A

female not exhibiting normal estrous cycles, insufficient GnRH release so cannot maintain gonadotroppin (LH/FSH) secretions and overies will be pretty inactive

44
Q

When can anestrus happen? (3)

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Lactation
  3. Photoperiod/Season
45
Q

Pineal Gland

A

responsible for melatonin production

46
Q

Short Day Breeders (fall)

A
47
Q

Long Day Breeders (spring) aka the mare

A

increase in light will decerase melatonin but will INCREASE GnRH to induce cycling

48
Q

Silent Ovulation

A

ovulation that occurs after anestrus that occurs without behavioral signs because thereis no progesterone to “prime” the brain

49
Q

Menses

A

the souhing of the endometrium to the exterior (epithelial layers and stroma)

50
Q

Blood in menstruationn is from?

A

leaking of the blood vessels in the stroma

51
Q

Split of the luteal and follicular phase in the menstrual cycle?

A

50:50

52
Q

Endometrium prolifierates in response to what hormone?

A

estrogen

53
Q

Why do dogs sometimes have blood during estrus?

A

they still have leaky blood vessels even though there is no actual sloughing of the endometrium

604 Physiology (8 decks)

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