Repro 1

Question 1

puberty

Answer 1

process of acquiring reproductive competence

Question 2

What sex does not have a surge center?

Answer 2

male

Question 3

fetal ovary hormone

Answer 3

estrogen

Question 4

fetal testes hormone

Answer 4

testosterone

Question 5

alpha fetal protein (a-FP)

Answer 5

secreted by the mother during pregnancy

Question 6

aromatase

Answer 6

enzyyme in males that converts testosterone to estrogen

Question 7

Why does the male not develop a GnRH surge center?

Answer 7

testosterone can freely enter the hypothalamus and gets converted to estrogen which prevents the surge center formation

Question 8

Why is the female able to develop a surge center?

Answer 8

alpha fetal protein from the mother binds to the estrogen from the fetal ovary and prevents the estrogen from entering the hypothalamus so the surge center develops

Question 9

GnRH before puberty

Answer 9

low levels (low amplitude and frequency) controlled by both tonic and surge center

Question 10

GnRH after puberty in the female

Answer 10

basal levels controlled by the tonic center are higher than before puberty d/t increase in frequency, surge center controls LH surgesjust prior to ovulation

Question 11

LH in the Male

Answer 11

small episodes every 2-6 hours that result in testosterone secretion

Question 12

What hormone peaks just prior to the LH surge in the female?

Answer 12

estradiol (causes positive feedback on the surge center so inc. GnRH and therefore inc. LH)

Question 13

Puberty in the Male

Answer 13

due to decreased hypothalamic sensitivity over time to the negative feedback caused by testosterone/estrogen (like developing a tolerance, kind of)

Question 14

Factors that affect onset of puberty in the female

Answer 14

body maturation, amount of body fat, nutrition, environmental and social conditions

Question 15

Timing of Birth and Onset of Puberty

Answer 15

those born closer to their typical cycling time will hit puberty earlier (think spring vs fall lambing)

Question 16

Effect of Group Size on Puberty

Answer 16

smaller group of same sex = later/delayed puberty

Question 17

Effect of Male Exposure on Female Puberty

Answer 17

accelerated puberty (with or without physical contact)

Question 18

Which species have a menstrual cycle?

Answer 18

primates annd humans

Question 19

Estrus

Answer 19

Noun

Question 20

Estrous

Answer 20

adjective, such as the estrous cycle

Question 21

Three Types of Cyclicity

Answer 21

1. Polyestrus
2. Seasonally polyestrus
3. Monoestrus

Question 22

Polyestrus species

Answer 22

cow, queen, pig, rodents

Question 23

Long Day Seasonal Polyestrus

Answer 23

mare

Question 24

Short Day Seasonal Polyestrus

Answer 24

ewe, doe, elk, nanny

Question 25

Monoestrus

Answer 25

dog, wolf, fox, bear dogs cycle ONCE in the spring (some variations with breed)

Question 26

2 Phases of the Estrous Cycle

Answer 26

1. Follicular Phase 2. Luteal Phase

Question 27

dominant hormone in the follicular phase?

Answer 27

estrogen (from follicles)

Question 28

dominant hormone in the luteal phase

Answer 28

progesterone (from CL)

Question 29

What percent of the cycle is spent in the luteal phase?

Answer 29

80%

Question 30

4 Parts of the Estrous Cycle

Answer 30

1. Proestrus 2. Estrus 3. Metestrus 4. Diestrus

Question 31

What two parts make up the follicular phase?

Answer 31

proestrus and estrus

Question 32

What two parts make up the luteal phase?

Answer 32

metestrus and diestrus

Question 33

proestrus

Answer 33

formation of ovulatory follicles and estrogen secretion

Question 34

estrus

Answer 34

sexual receptivity and peak estrogen secretion

Question 35

metestrus

Answer 35

CL formation and beginnning of progesterone secretion

Question 36

diestrus

Answer 36

sustained luteal secretion of progesterone

Question 37

What event triggers beginning of metestrus?

Answer 37

ovulation

Question 38

Uniqueness of the Bitch Estrous Cycle

Answer 38

does not have metestrus; luteal phase length is the same whether or not there is pregnancy

Question 39

Pseudopregnancy in Dogs

Answer 39

progesterone levels stay elevated with or without pregnancy during distrus so the bitch may still show nesting behaviors

Question 40

Will the bitch allow mating during proestrus?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

Is there much GnRH secretion during anestrus?

Answer 41

no, that's kinda the idea of anestrus

Question 42

Queen Cyclicity

Answer 42

INDUCED OVULATORS, so there is no rupture of the follicle without mating, progesterone will only be elevated during pregnancy

Question 43

Anestrus

Answer 43

female not exhibiting normal estrous cycles, insufficient GnRH release so cannot maintain gonadotroppin (LH/FSH) secretions and overies will be pretty inactive

Question 44

When can anestrus happen? (3)

Answer 44

1. Pregnancy 2. Lactation 3. Photoperiod/Season

Question 45

Pineal Gland

Answer 45

responsible for melatonin production

Question 46

Short Day Breeders (fall)

Answer 46

Question 47

Long Day Breeders (spring) aka the mare

Answer 47

increase in light will decerase melatonin but will INCREASE GnRH to induce cycling

Question 48

Silent Ovulation

Answer 48

ovulation that occurs after anestrus that occurs without behavioral signs because thereis no progesterone to "prime" the brain

Question 49

Menses

Answer 49

the souhing of the endometrium to the exterior (epithelial layers and stroma)

Question 50

Blood in menstruationn is from?

Answer 50

leaking of the blood vessels in the stroma

Question 51

Split of the luteal and follicular phase in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 51

50:50

Question 52

Endometrium prolifierates in response to what hormone?

Answer 52

estrogen

Question 53

Why do dogs sometimes have blood during estrus?

Answer 53

they still have leaky blood vessels even though there is no actual sloughing of the endometrium