representations of ethnicity Flashcards
How does the media present EMG?
- There are negative stereotypes of EMGs
- portrays them as having a homogenous [old-fashioned] identity
-portrayed non-white groups as a threat
- portrayed as a threat to the harmonious running of society e.g. [ greater diversity has ked to a cancel culture ]
What view did Hall take
Neo-Marxist
What did Hall argue
- That the media representations convey stereotypes based on ethnicity
What does Hall suggest?
- The audience is complicit [agree easily] in interpreting messages & creating stereotypes as they accept what is presented to them.
How does the media create a division in society?
- By passing on the dominant ideology
- It sets up EM to be the scapegoat for social problems e.g. poverty & unemployment.
What did Van Dijk do and what did he find?
- Did a content analysis of thousands of news items across the world over several decades.
- Found that the representations of black people could be categorized into 3 stereotypically negative of news:
1.EM as criminals
2.EMs as a threat
3.EMs as unimportant
Give evidence + explanation of minority groups as criminals.
WAYNE - found that 50% of news stories concerning young black people dealt with them committing crime.
CUSHION - points out that black crime is often presented as senseless/ motivated by gang rivalries.
Give evidence + explanation of minority groups as a threat.
IMMIGRANTS - seen as a threat in terms of their numbers & impact on jobs + welfare services
REFUGEES + ASYLUM SEEKERS - often portrayed as being a threat to British social cohesion & national identity
MUSLIMS - portrayed as the enemy within
What are the 4 negative media messages about Muslims?
- Islam is dangerous & irrational
- Multiculturism is allowing muslims to spread their message
- Clash of civilisations with Islam being presented as intolerant + oppressive.
- Islam as a threat to the British way od life with Sharia law
Give explanation + evidence of minority groups as unimportant?
Van Dijk - claimed that black victims are not paid as much attention to as white victims of crime
Why does the media as a whole pay little attention to the concerns & interests of EMs?
Because the mainstream media is dominated by white male public school and Oxbridge educated m/c elite
what is the white consensus approach
having norms and values that society follows to allow harmony
why do pluralists argue that they have to report on things such as black people as criminals
because if they dont reflect what the public wants then they will go out of buissness.