Reo, Birna, Orthomyxo, Orthobunya Flashcards
Orbiviruses spread by droplet (aerosol) infection
False
Orbiviruses can be cultivated in vivo by inoculation of embryonated eggs
True
Genetic reassortments may cause significant antigenic changes in reovirus strains
True
Orbiviruses are serologically uniform
False
Orbiviruses are mainly arboviruses
True
Reoviruses are sensitive to lipid solvents and detergents.
False
Orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis of horses
False
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in calves
True
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in cattle
True
Avian orthoreo –and rotaviruses can cause runting sunting syndrome in chickens
True
Avian orthoreoviruses cause mainly nephritis and encephalitis
False
Infection of adult birds with orthoreoviruses usually remains subclinical
True
Avian orthoreoviruses usually transmitted by germinative route
True
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause damages in the bursa Fabricii
True
Mammalian orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis only in suckling animals
False
Orthoreovirus can cause tenosynovitis in pigs
False
Avian orthoreoviruses usually cause disease in adult birds
False
Tenosynovitis is one of the most frequent manifestations of avian orthoreovirus infections
True
Trypsin-sensititive avian orthoreovirus usually cause respiratory disease in birds
True
Yolk immunity does not influence the efficacy of vaccination against avian orthoreovirus
False
Avian orthoreoviruses may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds
True
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause inapparent infection in poultry
True
Orthoreoviruses can be detected by haemagglutination test
True
Trypsin resistant strains of Avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause diarrhoea
True
Trypsin sensitive strains of avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis
True
Horses usually develop lethal hemorrhagic enteritis in Orthoreovirus infections
False
Infection of adult birds with Orthoreoviruses usually remains subclinical
True
Orthoreoviruses can cause encephalitis in cattle
False
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause inapparent infections in poultry
True
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS)
True
Infectious tenosynovitis can be prevented by vaccination
True
Avian orthoreoviruses infect only via inhalation and parenterally
False
Avian orthoreoviruses only infect via PO infections
False
All Avian orthoreoviruses can spread germinatively
True
Helicopter disease causes feather problems
True
Orthoreovirus infections cause immunosuppression in birds
True
Tenosynovitis is a frequent sign of Avian Orthoreovirus infection
True
Orthoreovirus mainly infects younger animals
True
Orthoreovirus causes respiratory and GI disease
True
Tenosynovitis is caused by only one Orthoreovirus
False
Orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis of horses
False
Rotaviruses are sensitive to environmental conditions
False
Rotavirus infection is sporadic within the herd
False
Rotavirus only infects mammals
False
Clinical signs of rotavirus infection are usually seen in animals older than 2 weeks of age
False
Swine is not susceptible to rotavirus infection
False
Rotaviruses predispose to E.Coli infection in suckling piglets
True
Rotaviruses are shed in the faeces in high titres
True
Rotavirus infection results in high mortality
False
Avian rotaviruses are transmitted by germinative infection
False
Losses due to rotavirus infection of young animals can be prevented by colostrum feeding
True
Rotaviruses usually cause enteritis in young (1-2 weeks old) animals
True
Clinical signs of rotavirus infection are usually seen in animals older than 2 weeks of age
False
Rotaviruses damage the mucosa of the large intestines
False
Rotaviruses are serologically uniform
False
Rotaviruses are typically transmitted via the faecal oral route
True
Swine rotavirus infection is frequently followed by E. coli secondary infection in piglets
True
Avian rotaviruses can cause tenosynovitis
False
Rotaviral enteritis of calves can be prevented by immunization of pregnant cows
True
Rotaviruses can cause chronic enteritis and persistent infection
False
Rotaviruses cause mainly respiratory signs in cattle
False
Rotaviruses mainly cause respiratory disease in older animals
False
Rotaviruses typically cause respiratory disease in 3-6 month old calves
False
Rotavirus is species specific
False
Rotaviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis in birds
False
Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent rotavirus infections
True
Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas
False
Rodents serve as reservoirs of bluetongue
False
Ibaraki disease is clinically very similar to bluetongue
True
Ibaraki disease virus can be used to immunize cattle against bluetongue
false
Lameness is a frequent symptom of bluetongue in sheep
True
Bluetongue virus can cause bloody diarrhoea in lambs
True
Bluetongue is named after cyanosis of the tongue
True
The bluetongue virus is vectored by midges/ gnats
True
Cattle can carry the bluetongue virus for years without symptoms
True
Wild birds play the most important role in the distribution of bluetongue
False
In Europe vaccination of small ruminants against bluetongue is mandatory
False
Bluetongue virus is also foetopathic
True
Bluetongue virus may cause foetal developmental problems
True
Lameness and abortion are signs of bluetongue
True
Bluetongue occurs only in Africa and Australia
False
Bluetongue is transmitted by ticks
False
Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks
False
Bluetongue can be transmitted by semen
True
Goats are more resistant to the bluetongue than sheep
True
Goats are not susceptible to bluetongue virus
False
Vaccination against Bluetongue results serotype specific immunity
True
Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa
False
Bluetongue virus infects also horses and dogs
False
Endothelial damages are the most important causes of the clinical signs of bluetongue
True
A serotype 8 of bluetongue virus strain caused severe outbreak in Europe in 2006-2009
True
Bluetongue outbreaks mainly occur is summer and autumn
True
Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than swine
False
Bluetongue causes transient infection in cattle
False
Bluetongue vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity
True
Bluetongue is named after the pseudo-melanosis of the tongue
False
Bluetongue also infects horses and dogs
False
Ibaraki disease virus immunizes against bluetongue
False
Bluetongue disease is present only in tropical and sub-tropical countries
False
Wild birds are the natural reservoir host of the Bluetongue virus.
False
In utero Bluetongue virus infection may result in immunotolerance
True
The most severe clinical manifestation of Bluetongue disease is usually seen in goats
False
Bluetongue is an Orbivirus
True
Bluetongue primarily spreads with blood sucking insects
True
Bluetongue replicates in endothelial cells of blood vessels
True
The causative agent of Bluetongue multiplies in endothelium
True
Bluetongue has 24 known serotypes
False
Bluetongue is an enteral disease of turkeys
False
Bluetongue causes symptoms mostly in sheep and goat
False
Bluetongue is not present in Europe
False
Bluetongue causes skin signs in bovine
True
Bluetongue also infects pigs
False
Bluetongue infects all hooved animals
False
No long-term carrier stage is observed in Bluetongue virus infections
False
Ruminants and swine are the most important hosts of the Bluetongue virus
False
Lameness is one of the clinical signs of Bluetongue disease in sheep
True
Serological cross protection exists between 25 known serotypes of Bluetongue virus
False
Ibarki disease is a Bluetongue-like disease in Asia and in America
True
The serotype 8 strain of the bluetongue virus, which emerged in Western Europe, does not cause clinical signs in cattle
False
The epizootic haemorrhagic fever is observed in the USA in wild deer
True
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far
False
Epizootic hemorrhage fever is a Bluetongue-like disease of wild ruminants in America
True
African horse sickness is mostly a peracute disease
False
African horse sickness virus is endemic in Russia since 2008
False
The Infectious equine arthritis and the African horse sickness ay have similar clinical signs
True
Oedemas and haemorrhages are the most frequent lesions in African horse sickness
True
African horse sickness is spread by ticks
False
African horse sickness is zoonotic
False
Frothy nasal discharge is a characteristic sign of African horse sickness
True
The subacute form of African horses sickness is causing oedema formation and heart failure
True
Encephalitis is the most frequent sign of African horse sickness
False
Acute form of African horse sickness occurs mainly in zebras and horses
False
Carnivores are susceptible to African horse sickness
True
Occasionally carnivores may get infected with African horse sickness virus
True
The natural reservoirs of the African horse sickness virus are mainly zebras
True
Subcutaneous oedema is a frequent symptom of subacute African horse sickness
True
Zebras are more resistant to African horse sickness than horses
True
Immunized horses may develop a chronic febrile form of the African horse sickness
True
Zebras are not susceptible to African horse sickness
False
Wild birds play the most important role in the spreading of African horse sickness
False
The chronic form of African horse sickness may be similar to EIA
True
African horse sickness is a communicable disease
True
In the pathogenesis of African horse sickness, viraemia lasts longer in horse than in zebras
False
The African horse sickness is endemic in Europe and in the USA
False
The signs of chronic African Horse Sickness and Equine Infectious anaemia may be similar
True
The natural reservoirs of the African Horse Sickness virus are mainly zebras
True
African horse sickness was transported to Europe by migratory birds
False
African horse sickness can cause encephalitis
False
African horse sickness is a notifiable (communicable) disease in Europe
True
African horse sickness can cause lung oedema
True
African horse sickness is prevented in Africa by combined vaccines
True
African Horse Sickness is a frequent disease, distributed worldwide
False
Respiratory signs are the most frequent symptoms in acute African Horse Sickness
True
The differential diagnosis of African Horse Sickness and Tetanus is rather complicated
False
African Horse Sickness is spread primarily by “small mosquitos”
False
Carriers for African Horse Sickness are zebras and donkeys
True
African Horse Sickness is not present in Europe today
True
African Horse Sickness is caused by an arbovirus
True
African Horse Sickness is caused by Orbivirus
True
The most characteristic post mortem lesion in African Horse Sickness is haemorrhages and oedema
False
Reservoir for African Horse Sickness is zebras and donkeys
False
African Horse Sickness is presented mainly per-acutely in donkeys
False
African Horse Sickness virus only infect horses
False
Horses are more susceptible than zebra in African Horse Sickness
True
Haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis is the most frequent sign of the African Horse Sickness
False
The African Horse Sickness virus may infect dogs too
True
The African Horse Sickness and the Infectious Equine Arteritis may have similar clinical signs
True
African horse sickness is a world-wide distributed and frequent disease
False
The subacute form of the African horse sickness is mainly characterized by oedematisation and cardiac dysfunctions
True
Horse encephalosis is endemic in Africa
True
Equine encephalosis can result in abortion
True
Equine encephalosis is transmitted by mosquitoes
True
Equine encephalosis causes the most severe clinical signs in Zebras
False
Horse encephalosis occurs only in America
False
Equine encephalosis causes high mortality
False
Attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available against equine encephalosis
False
Horse encephalosis appeared several times in Europe between 2006 and 2009
False
Midges are the main vectors of the Equine encephalosis virus
True
Bursitis virus / Gumboro disease targets the premature B lymphocytes
True
The bursitis virus causes per os infection
True
Meat type hybrids are more sensitive to Gumboro disease than layers
False
Clinical signs of Gumboro disease can be seen in chickens older than 8 weeks
False
Some Gumboro disease vaccines can be applied only besides yolk immunity
True
Watery diarrhoea is typical clinical sign of Gumboro disease
True
There are several virulence variants of bursitis virus
True
Clinical signs of Gumboro disease can be seen in chickens younger than 8 weeks
True
Bursitis virus is highly contagious
True
Immunocomplex vaccines can be applied to prevent Gumboro disease
True
Clinical signs of Gumboro disease can be seen in chickens younger than 8 days
False
Before vaccination against Gumboro disease the level of maternal immunity in the flock should be determined
True
Anaemia and cyanosis can be clinical signs of Gumboro disease
True
Bursitis virus causes the highest mortality in day old chicks
False
Vaccines are available to control Gumboro disease
True
In the prevention of Gumboro disease in ovo vaccinations can be applied
True
The bursitis virus is very sensitive to the environmental conditions
False
Bursitis virus causes disease only in chicken
False
The bursitis virus can retain its infectivity for 1-4 months in the litter
True
Both serotypes of bursitis virus are pathogenic
False
Bursitis virus infection can reduce the efficacy of vaccinations
True
Bursitis virus infection results in immunosuppression
True
Bursitis virus is shed in the faeces
True
Infectious bursitis can predispose chicken to Fowl Paratyphoid
True
In Europe only low virulence strains of infectious bursitis virus can be found
False
Infectious bursitis is a very contagious disease
True
Pigeons are the most susceptible to IBDV
False
Early IBDV infection damages the humoral immunity
True
Both serotypes of bursitis virus are pathogenic
False
The bursitis virus mostly causes germinative infection
False
IBDV type 2 is used for immunization of chicken against infectious bursal disease
False
IBDV is a zoonotic virus
False
The infectious bursal disease virus is transmitted only vertically
False
Anaemia and depression are frequent signs of infectious bursal disease
True
Only inactivated vaccines can be used against infectious bursal disease
False
The infectious bursal disease virus is very sensitive to detergents
False
In Europe only low virulence strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) can be found
False
The Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is very resistant in the environment
True
Infection of day-old chicken with IBDV may cause permanent immunosuppression
True
Pathology lesions of the Infectious Bursal Disease can be similar to the Avian influenza
True
Young chicken can be immunized only with inactivated IBDV vaccines
False
Very virulent strains of the Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) may cause disease in chicken with maternally derived antibodies too
True
IBDV does not cause disease in adult chicken (over 2 months of age)
True
Fever, diarrhea and anemia are signs of the Infectious Bursal Disease
True
Vaccines provide high level of protection against all IBDV strains
False
IBDV serotype 2 is used for immunization of chicken against Infectious Bursal Disease
False
Clinical manifestations of infectious bursal disease are seen mainly in chicken between the age of 3 and 6 weeks
True
Moderately attenuated (“hot”) IBDV vaccines are used for the immunization of young chicken without yolk immunity
False
The infectious bursitis virus has more than one virulence variants
True
The infectious bursitis virus causes anaemia
True
The infectious bursitis virus can be isolated on CAM
True
There is no vaccine available against infectious bursitis virus
False
The resistance of infectious bursitis virus is very high
True
The infectious bursitis virus spreads by mosquitoes
False
IBDV causes immunosuppression in chicken between 2-8 weeks of age
True
By disinfection of the eggshell we can prevent IBDV infection
True
Infectious bursal disease causes severe illness, mainly in waterfowl
False
The most frequent sign of infectious bursal disease is lameness
False
Only attenuated live vaccines are effective against infectious bursal disease
False
Several antigenic and virulence variants of infectious bursal disease virus are known
True
The infectious bursitis is usually seen in 3 to 8 weeks-old flocks
True
The most frequent sign of infectious bursal disease is lameness due to the inflammation of the subtendinal bursae
False
The infectious bursitis virus is inactivated within 1-2 days in the environment
False
A frequent sign of the infectious bursitis is encephalitis
False
The infectious bursitis virus does not cause any damage in chickens under the age of two weeks
False
Influenzaviruses have segmented genome
True
HPAI and LPAI strains differ in the number of basal amino acids in the HA protein
True
HA protein of influenza viruses is responsible for the attachment to the cell
True
The M2 protein of influenza viruses serves as an ion channel important in the decapsidation
True
Antigenic drift means serials of point mutations in the HA and NA genes
True
The NA protein in the influenza virus is responsible for the release from the infected cells
True
Enzymatic cleavage of the HA protein is needed for the influenza virus penetration into the cell
True
Genetic reassortment of human and animal influenza viruses result in the occurrence of new human influenza strains
True
Bats have an important role in the epidemiology of influenza
False
Antigenic shift is behind the influenza pandemics
True
Influenza viruses are classified into genera by their HA and NA proteins
False
Influenza causes persistent infection in donkey
False
The serotype of influenza viruses is determined by their HA and NA proteins
True
The influenza viruses cause respiratory signs in sea mammals
True
The host range of influenza virus is determined by the NA protein
False
The bird to human host switch of influenza virus is mediated by swine
True
The main host of influenza is the swine
False
In humans inactivated vaccines are used for the immunisation against influenza
True
Antigenic drift is behind the seasonal influenza epidemics
True
Antigenic shift means the reassortment of the influenzavirus genome segments
True
Influenzaviruses are sensitive to drying out
True
For the in vitro propagation of influenza viruses embryonated eggs is used
True
The high virulence of some influenza A viruses is the result of mutations in the HA gene
True
Influenza viruses are classified into genera by their HA and NA proteins
False
Dogs are susceptible to horse origin influenza strains
True
The HPAI strains can cause CNS Signs
True
HPAI causes blood vessel damages and generalised infections
True
The HPAI strains are usually developed from the H5 and H7 influenza viruses
True
The LPAI causes immunosuppression
True
Cat is susceptible to human seasonal influenza
False
HPAI strains are mutations of LPAI strains
True
HPAI strains belong into a certain haemagglutinin types
False
Influenzas Causes enteric symptoms in human
True
Anti-neuraminidase drugs inhibit the decapsidation of influenza viruses
False
Swine recovered from influenza should not be kept for breeding
True
Influenza causes high morbidity but low mortality in swine
True
The HPAI causes skin haemorrhages in swine
False
Swine influenza outbreaks occur usually during summer
False
The mortality of swine influenza is high
False
Swine influenza causes high morbidity rate
True
To prevent complications of swine influenza penicillin injections are given to sick pigs
True
Swine influenza is easily transmitted to people
False
To prevent complications of swine influenza, antibiotics used
True
In swine all influenza variants can be detected
False
In a horse influenza outbreak all infected horses must be killed
False
The generalized symptoms of horse influenza are result of the interferon response
True
Racehorses should be vaccinated before the influenza season
False
Breeding mares should be vaccinated before the influenza season
False
Influenza causes persistent infection in horses
False
The eggs produced in LPAI infected flock can be hatched
True
The HPAI infection can be unambiguously differentiated from Newcastle disease by the clinical signs
False
The HPAI strains can cause clinical signs in waterfowl
True
In poultry farms LPAI may be endemic without clinical signs
True
Waterfowl can carry the influenza viruses for long time
True
Influenza viruses are shed by birds exclusively in the nasal discharge
False
Avian influenza is zoonotic
True
The virulence of avian influenza is determined by the i.v. pathogeny index and mortality
True
Avian influenza can switch directly to human and cause epidemics with high case numbers as result of human to human transmission
False
In birds all influenza variants can be detected
True
Avian influenza of high economic impact is caused by HPAI strains
True
Avian influenza virus is primarily spread through bronchial discharge and aerogenic route
False
Avian influenza spread by bronchial discharge
False(?)
All Bunyaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
False
Bunyaviruses cause oral infection
False
The virus causing severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome is transmitted by tick
True
Several bunyaviruses are zoonotic agents
True
Serological cross-reactions are frequent between related bunyaviruses
True
All bunyaviruses are vectored by insects
False
All bunyaviruses are vectored by ticks
False
Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods
True
Several virus species belong to Bunyaviridae family, many present only in tropical regions
True
Bunyaviruses are typically arboviruses
True
Bunyaviriuses has good antigens and good immune reaction
True
The Aino virus causes foetal development problems and abortion in sheep
True
Akabane virus is zoonotic
False
Akabane virus causes foetal damages in dogs
False
Akabane disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep
True
Abortions and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane disease
True
The Akabane disease is mainly seen in geese
False
The Akabane disease can cause abortion in sheep
True
The main symptoms of the akabane disease are foetal development disorders
True
The main symptoms of akabane disease are the malformation of the fetus
True
Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg viruses cause similar disease in ruminants
True
Akabane occurs in South-West Africa and is a disease of swine
False
Schmallenberg virus causes disease only in Suffolk sheep breed
False
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in humans
False
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal development problems more frequently in cattle than in sheep
False
Schmallenberg virus is present worldwide
False
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in pigs
False
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in sheep
True
Schmallenberg virius associated disease as 1st observed in 2011 in certain Western European countries
True
The Schmallenberg virus causes severe disease in humans
False
The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever and reduced milk
production
True
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Schmallenberg virus
True
In cattle Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with reduced milk production
True
The Schmallenberg virus is a zoonotic agent
False
Ticks are reservoirs and vectors of the Schmallenberg virus
False
Schmallenberg virus was transported to Europe from South-America
False
Schmallenberg virus emerged in Western Europe, in 2011, and spread rapidly in ruminants
True
In sheep the Schmallenberg virus mainly causes foetal malformations
True
Schmallenberg spread by midges vectors
True
No human case report on Schmallenberg virus
True
Pneumonia and abortion are the main signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in sheep
False
Midges are the main vectors of Schmallenberg virus
True
Signs of acute Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are lower and reduced milk production
True
Human is a competent host of Rift Valley fever virus i.e. the viraemic titre is high enough to infect the vector
True
The Rift valley fever virus damages the blood vessels thus causes haemorrhages
True
Wild rabbits are reservoirs of Rift valley fever virus
False
Rift valley fever is a human only disease
False
The rift valley fever virus causes foetal damages in sheep
False
Certain European mosquito species are competent vectors of Rift Valley fever virus
True
Rift Valley fever may cause high lethality in young ruminants
True
Rift Valley fever virus is a zoonotic agent
True
The Rift Valley fever virus can cause reproductive disorders in cattle and sheep
True
Necrotic hepatitis is a lesion of Rift Valley fever
True
Certain European mosquito species are competent vectors of Rift Valley fever virus
True
Rift Valley fever may cause high lethality in young ruminants
True
Rift-valley fever caused human epidemics in Africa
True
Rift Valley fever virus caused severe human outbreaks in Africa and in the Arab peninsula
True
The principle vectors of the rift valley disease are gnats
False
Rift valley fever outbreaks are most frequently seen in horses
False
Rift valley fever virus may cause 100% mortality in young susceptible animals
True
In enzootic regions vaccines are used for the prevention of rift valley fever
True
Nairobi sheep disease causes generalized infection in the animals
True
Vaccines are available in endemic regions to prevent Nairobi sheep disease
True
Nairobi sheep disease leads to abortion in the infected pregnant animals
True
Nairobi sheep disease causes haemorrhagic enteritis in the infected animals
True
Nairobi disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep
True
The Nairobi sheep disease can cause abortion in sheep
True
The most frequent sign of the Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis
False
Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a lesion of Nairobi sheep disease
True
Nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic
True
Nairobi sheep disease can cause haemorrhagic enteritis among sheep
True
The most important symptom of the Nairobi sheep disease is nephritis
False
Nairobi disease occurs mainly in sheep
True
The leading symptom of Nairobi disease is renal insufficiency
False
The Nairobi sheep disease is vectored by ticks
True
Nairobi sheep disease primarily causes pathological changes in the kidney (renal
insufficiency)
false
Small rodents serve as reservoir hosts of Hantaviruses
True
Hantaviruses can cause renal failure in human
True
Hantaviruses may cause respiratory disease in humans
True
Hantaviruses causes haemorrhagic fever in humans
True
Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fevers in rodents
False
Hanta viruses can cause renal symptoms in humans
True
Mainly rodents are the natural reservoir of hanta viruses
True
Hanta viruses are naturally maintained by rodents
True
In domestic animals Hanta viruses typically cause liver dystrophy
False
Hanta virus infected people may develop severe renal failure
True
Rodents are reservoir for Hanta virus
True
Hanta virus cause renal disorders in humans
True
Hanta viruses cause encephalitis in horses
False
The Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever is a human disease with headache, muscle pain and skin haemorrhages
True
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus is tick born
True
