Astro, Toga, Flavi Flashcards
Avian nephritis is caused by astroviruses
True
The mortality of avian nephritis is 50-60%
False
Avian nephritis replicates in the gut
True
Broilers are regularly vaccinated against avian nephritis virus
False
Urate deposition is a postmortem lesion of avian nephritis
True
Clinical signs of avian nephritis can be seen in the first four weeks of life T
True
Avian nephritis virus usually causes diseases in chickens of 1-3 weeks of age
True
Avian nephritis is more frequent in waterfowl than in chicken
False
Avian nephritis virus caused by a picornavirus
False
Only chickens are susceptible to avian nephritis virus
True
Avian nephritis virus is transmitted by rodents
False
Chickens are frequently seropositive for avian nephritis
True
Avian nephritis virus caused by a picornavirus.
False
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of chicken from avian nephritis virus
False
Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions
False
Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
True
The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent
True
Togaviruses cause airborne infection
False
Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only
False
Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents
True
No vaccines are available against togaviruses
False
Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks
False
Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
False
The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge
False
Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis
False
In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role
True
Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus
True
Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus
False
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic
True
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections
True
Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection)
False
Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks
False
Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
True
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses
True
Birds serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus
False
Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality
False
Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology
False
In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too
True
Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year
False
Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans
False
An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
True
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses F
False
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses
True
Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human
True
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis
True
Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE
False
Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
False
In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis
True
Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts
True
Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections
True
The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion
True
The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea
False
Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis
True
No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses
True
Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents
True
Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide
False
The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide
True
American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans
True
Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses
False
American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes
True
Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes
True
Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines
True
Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse
False
An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
True
Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses
False
Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses
True
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide
False
Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons
True
After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses
True
The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents
True
Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and patholog
False
In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory
False
Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
False
Horse encephalitis occurs only in America
False
Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans
True
Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito
True
Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses
True
Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions
False
Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents
True
Pestiviruses are zoonotic
False
Pestiviruses are arboviruses
False
Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus
True
Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus
True
Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens
True
Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents
False
Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America
False
The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population
False
The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia
False
The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
False
Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries.
False
Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep
True
Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep
False
The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia
False
Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits
False
Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie
True
Louping-Ill is a disease of swine
False
Louping ill occurs in the Far-East
False
Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges
False
The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe
True
The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species
False
The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk
True
The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis
True
Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE
True
The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America F
False
Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection
True
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis
True
The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species
False
The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species
False
The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents
False
Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis
False
Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans
False
Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions
False
Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans
True
The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
False
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections
True
Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus
False
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants
False
Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally
True
For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available
True
Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus
True
Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus
True
West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease
True
In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected
True
To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses
True
The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs
False
The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle
False
The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses
True
Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus
True
The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn
True
WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
False
West Nile fever can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
False
Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV
False
West Nile Virus is only present in Africa
False
Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus
True
WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections
False
WNV outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn
True
WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures
False
Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections
True
Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV
False
Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe
True
Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe
True
There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet
True
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV T
True
The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks
False
The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
True
Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections
True
The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV
True
The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics
True
Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis
True
West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa
False
The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds
True
Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans
True
Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals
True
West Nile fever occurs worldwide
True
Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species
True
The host range of West Nile virus is very wide
True
Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus
False
The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
True
The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known
False
Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to West Nile virus infections
True
The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with West Nile virus
True
Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus
False
West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
False
There are no available vaccinations for humans against West Nile Virus yet
True
The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges
False
Different genetic lineages of West Nile Virus are circulating in Europe
True
West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep
False
West Nile Virus causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections
False
West Nile Virus outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn
True
West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures
False
West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus
False
The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine
True
The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey
False
The yellow fever virus causes liver damages
True
The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans
True
BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases
True
BVD virus is particularly resistant to disinfectants
False
Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment
False
Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus are known
True
In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf
True
Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia
False
In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance
True
In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves
False
Swine are not susceptible to BVD F
False
Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent
True
Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever
True
Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm
Ture
Cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral diarrhoea (BVDV) alone can cause mucosal disease
False
Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic
True
The BVD virus can infect pigs also
True
Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion
True
Non cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) do not cause transplacental infection
False
Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion
False
Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease
True
In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease
True
Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV
True
Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression
True
BVDV can be transmitted by semen
True
BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination
False
In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa
True
In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex
True
Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease
True
BVD virus cannot be propagated in cell cultures
False
Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity
False
BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species
True
Attenuated vaccine strains against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus may have foetopathic effects
True
Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals
True
Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals
True
The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals on the farm
False
Two genotypes of the BVDV are known
True
BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains
T
True
Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV
True
BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression
True
Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is an immunopathy observed in immunotolerant, BVDV infected calves
False
Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea F
False
The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues
True
Wild birds are the natural hosts of the BVDV
False
Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVDV
True
Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
False
The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1
False
The BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination
False
BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age
True
BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows
True
Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus
False
BVD virus exists in several serotypes
False
BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently
infected calves
True
Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign
True
Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD
True
BVDV cannot be propagated in cell cultures
False
BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants
True
Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment
False
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI
False
The BVD virus typically damages endothelial epithelial- and lymphatic tissues
True
Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
False
Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves
True
Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it
False
Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it
False
The Border disease virus causes pneumonia in sheep
False
The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom
False
The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes
False
Goats can be infected with border disease
True
Border disease in most frequently seen in horses
False
In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance
True
The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep
False
Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages
True
Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes
True
Border disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs
False
Border disease occurs in Hungary
True
Border disease causes abortion in ewes
True
Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers
True
Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever
True
Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
True
Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products
True
Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat
True
The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months
True
During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases
True
Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages
True
In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed
True
Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells
True
Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF
True
Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever
True
Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical
Swine Fever
True
The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever
True
Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever
True
Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF
True
During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa
True
Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed
True
The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets
False
lassical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets
True
CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
True
Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems
False
Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection
False
The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs
True
The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF
True
Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection T
True
Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating T
True
CSF can cause transplacental infections
True
CSFV may case reproductive disorders
True
Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues
True
CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia
True
Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds
True
Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
True
Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas
True
Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV
True
In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever
False
In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed
True
Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever
True
Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression T
True
All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent
False
Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far
False
CSF virus is an arbovirus
False
CSF virus is a zoonotic agent
False
Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease
False
Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever
True
Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose
False
In vaccinated herds we mostly see the CSF clinical signs in 6-12 weeks old piglets
True
Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus
Falsse
Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new-born piglets
True
Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease
False
Europe is free from CSFV
False
Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars
False
The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever
False
The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations
False
Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever
True
Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems
True
CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells
True
Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period
True
Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever
True
The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different
False
Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV
True
Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV
True
All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence
False
The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
True
Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever
True
Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines
False
Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination
False
Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections
False
Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions
False
Domestic swine stocks are free of classical swine fever in most of the European countries
True
Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
True
Classical swine fever virus doesn’t induce neutralizing antibody production
False
Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C
False
Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine
True
Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks
False
Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs
True
Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores
False
Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease
false
Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen
False
The Classical swine fever virus may cause reproductive disorders
True
Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute Classical swine fever
True
Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology
False
Domestic swine of most European countries are free from Classical swine fever virus
True
The Classical swine fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
True
Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection
True
CSF is spread via infected pigs
True
Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets
True
Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months
False
To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine
False
To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain
False
Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs
False
CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines
False
CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever
True
CSF always causes abortion in pigs
False
Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF
False
Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days
True
CSF was first written about in USA
True
First symptom of CSF is drooping ears
False
CSF virus has good resistance
True
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes
False
The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters
False
CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
True
The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar
True
Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF
False
Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV
False
Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV
False
It is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also susceptible
False
Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible
True
Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs
True
For prevention state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe
False
The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues
True
Boutons in the large intestine are the earliest lesions in CSF
False
In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common
False
Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe
True
In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory
False
Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes
False
In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies
True
