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Infectious Diseases > Renal/Urology > Flashcards

Renal/Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of bacteria is e coli?

A

Gram negative bacillus coliform

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2
Q

What are the common organims that cause UTI?

A

E coli
Proteus
Pseudomonas

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3
Q

What kind of bacteria is proteus?

A

Gram negative coliform

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4
Q

What kind of bacteria is pseudmonas aerginosa?

A

Gram negative bacilli (not a coliform)

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5
Q

How do you treat pseudomonas UTI?

A

Ciprofloxacin oral

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6
Q

Who gets pseudomnas UTI?

A

People with catheters/instrumentation

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7
Q

What are some gram positive causes of UTI?

A 
Enterococcus spp
Enterococcus faecalis (more common in hospital acquired infection)
Staph saphrophyticus (a coag negative staph that affects women of child bearing age)
Staph aureus (uncommon, seen in bacteraemia)
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8
Q

Why does pseudomonas not give a positive test for nitrites?

A

It does not reduce nitrates to nitrites

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9
Q

What bacteria reduce nitrates to nitrites?

A

Mainly coliforms

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10
Q

Which bacteria do NOT give a positive test for nitrites on dipstick?

A

Enterococcus
Staphylococci
Pseudomonas

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11
Q

What is Kass’s criteria for bacteruria?

A

Less than 10^3 organisms = not significant bacteriuria
10^4 organisms = repeat
10^5 = Probably UTI

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12
Q

What is the treatment for an uncomplicated UTI in women?

A

Trimethoprim - 3 days

Nitrofurantoin - 3 days

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13
Q

What is the treatment for an uncomplicated UTI in men?

A

Trimethoprim - 7 days

Nitrofurantoin - 7 days

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14
Q

What is the prophylaxis regime for recurrent UTI?

A

Trimethorprim or nitrfurantoin once daily at night

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15
Q

What is the treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Ofloxacin or Ciprofloxacin

If IV required than Amox + Gent

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16
Q

What is the treatment for pyelonephritis?

A

Primary care: Co amoxiclav or Co trimoxacole 14 days
Secondary care: Amoxicillin IV + Gentamicin IV for 3 days
Co trimoxazole if penicillin allergic
All patients stepped down to co trimoxazole

17
Q

What is the treatment for UTI in pregnancy?

A

1st or 2nd semester: Nitrfuranotin

3rd trimester: Trimethoprim

18
Q

What is the treatment for pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

A

Co Amoxiclav oral or IV

19
Q

Which antibiotics are best for covering coliforms?

A

Gentamicin IV
Amoxicillin (40%)
Trimethoprim
Co-trimoxazole

20
Q

What antibiotics are best for covering enterococci?

A

Co trimoxazole

21
Q

How long in gentamicin prescribed for?

A

3 days only unless specific guidance given

22
Q

What is ESBL?

A

Extended spectrum beta lactamase

Makes all bacteria resistant to cephlasporins and to almost all penicillins

23
Q

What antibiotics are useful in ESBL producing bacteria?

A

Nitrfurantoin

Pivmecllian

24
Q

What is in co trimoaxole?

A

Sulphamethoxazole (risk of stevens johnsons syndrome)

Trimethoprim

25
Q

Is pseudomonas sensitive to trimethoprim?

A

No

26
Q

Why is nitrofurantoin not useful in upper respiratory tract infection?

A

Only reaches effective concentrations in the bladder

27
Q

Why do you avoid nitrofurantoin in late pregnancy?

A

Can cause neonatal haemolysis

28
Q

What does nitrofurantoin treat and not treat?

A 
Treats 
- Coliforms 
- Enterococci 
Staph aureus (+ MRSA)
Doesn't treat 
- Proteus 
Pseudomonas
29
Q

What are the most common organisms that cause catheter associated UTI?

A

Psuedomonas

Proteus

30
Q

What does trimethoprim treat and not treat?

A

Treats
- Most coliforms
- Staph aureus + MRSA
Psuedomans

Infectious Diseases (11 decks)

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