Renal & Urologic Emergencies

Question 1

What is the primary cause of a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

Answer 1

Bacterial infection (E. coli) in the urinary tract.

Question 2

Who are at higher risk for developing a UTI?

Answer 2

Women, older adults, diabetics, catheter users.

Question 3

What are common symptoms of a UTI?

Answer 3

• Burning urination
• Frequent urination
• Cloudy/foul-smelling urine
• Fever (pyelonephritis: flank pain, systemic symptoms)

Question 4

What complications can arise from a UTI?

Answer 4

Can progress to sepsis (fever, tachycardia, hypotension).

Question 5

What is the treatment for fever in a UTI?

Answer 5

Tylenol for fever (325-1000 mg PO).

Question 6

What are the main causes of Kidney Stones?

Answer 6

Mineral deposits (calcium/uric acid) causing obstruction.

Question 7

What symptoms are associated with Kidney Stones?

Answer 7

• Severe flank pain
• Nausea/vomiting
• Hematuria
• Restlessness (renal colic)

Question 8

What medications can be used for pain relief in Kidney Stones?

Answer 8

Advil 400-800mg PO.

Question 9

What is a common cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

Answer 9

Sudden loss of kidney function (shock, toxins, dehydration).

Question 10

What symptoms indicate Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

Answer 10

• Decreased urine output
• Edema
• Confusion
• Fatigue

Question 11

What treatments are recommended for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

Answer 11

• Oxygen if SpO2 < 94%
• IV access, cautious saline bolus (250-500 mL) only if hypovolemic
• Rapid transport for lab work/dialysis

Question 12

What is the primary cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

Answer 12

Long-term kidney damage (diabetes, hypertension).

Question 13

What symptoms suggest Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

Answer 13

• Fatigue
• Edema
• High BP
• Late-stage dialysis dependence

Question 14

What is a common complication during Renal Dialysis?

Answer 14

Hypotension, infection, bleeding at fistula site.

Question 15

What should be done for bleeding at the fistula site during dialysis?

Answer 15

Direct pressure for bleeding.

Question 16

What signs indicate Genitourinary Trauma?

Answer 16

• Flank pain
• Hematuria
• Bruising
• Difficulty urinating
• Shock signs

Question 17

What is a key sign of Testicular Torsion?

Answer 17

Sudden severe scrotal pain, swelling, absent cremasteric reflex.

Question 18

What is the critical time frame for surgical intervention in Testicular Torsion?

Answer 18

6-hour window.

Question 19

What symptoms are associated with Ovarian Cysts?

Answer 19

• Sudden severe lower abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Possible internal bleeding

Question 20

Fill in the blank: A common treatment for pain relief in Ovarian Cysts is _______.

Answer 20

Entonox PRN.