Gastrointestinal Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of Esophageal Varices?

A

Portal hypertension (often due to cirrhosis)

Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the portal venous system, commonly associated with liver cirrhosis.

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of Esophageal Varices?

A

Vomiting bright red blood, black tarry stools, dizziness, shock signs

Symptoms indicate severe bleeding, requiring immediate medical attention.

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3
Q

What are the PCP treatments for Esophageal Varices?

A
  • Airway management
  • Oxygen, IV access (2 large bore)
  • IV fluids if hypotensive
  • Rapid transport
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4
Q

What causes Mallory-Weiss Syndrome?

A

Esophageal tear from severe vomiting (bulimia, alcohol use)

This syndrome often occurs after prolonged or severe episodes of vomiting.

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of Mallory-Weiss Syndrome?

A

Vomiting blood (streaks), epigastric pain

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6
Q

What are the PCP treatments for Mallory-Weiss Syndrome?

A
  • Oxygen, IV access
  • IV fluids if hypotensive
  • Transport
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7
Q

What is the cause of GERD & Esophagitis?

A

Chronic acid reflux causing inflammation

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of GERD & Esophagitis?

A

Heartburn, chest pain mimicking MI, difficulty swallowing

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9
Q

What are the PCP treatments for GERD & Esophagitis?

A
  • Oxygen if needed, IV access
  • Transport (rule out cardiac issues)
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10
Q

What causes Peptic Ulcer Disease?

A

H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, stress

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Peptic Ulcer Disease?

A

Epigastric burning pain, nausea, black tarry stools

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12
Q

What are the PCP treatments for Peptic Ulcer Disease?

A
  • Oxygen if needed, IV access
  • IV fluids if hypotensive
  • Transport
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Upper GI Bleeds?

A

Bright red vomit, coffee-ground emesis, shock signs

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Lower GI Bleeds?

A

Bright red blood in stool, dizziness, shock signs

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15
Q

What are the PCP treatments for GI Bleeds?

A
  • Oxygen, IV access
  • Fluids if hypotensive
  • Transport
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16
Q

What is the cause of Cholecystitis & Biliary Colic?

A

Gallbladder inflammation or gallstone blockage

17
Q

What are the symptoms of Cholecystitis & Biliary Colic?

A

RUQ pain (radiates to back), nausea, worse after fatty meals

18
Q

What are the PCP treatments for Cholecystitis & Biliary Colic?

A
  • Oxygen if needed, IV access
  • Pain control (Entonox, Advil)
  • Transport
19
Q

What are the symptoms of Liver Cirrhosis & Hepatitis?

A

Jaundice, ascites, confusion (hepatic encephalopathy)

20
Q

What are the PCP treatments for Liver Cirrhosis & Hepatitis?

A
  • Oxygen, IV access
  • Transport
21
Q

What is the cause of Pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol, gallstones

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Pancreatitis?

A

Severe epigastric pain radiating to back, nausea, fever

23
Q

What are the PCP treatments for Pancreatitis?

A
  • Oxygen, IV access
  • Transport
24
Q

What are the symptoms of Appendicitis?

A

RLQ pain, nausea, fever, McBurney’s point tenderness

25
What are the PCP treatments for Appendicitis?
* Oxygen, IV access * Transport (risk of rupture/peritonitis)
26
What is the cause of Diverticulitis?
Infection/inflammation of colon pouches
27
What are the symptoms of Diverticulitis?
LLQ pain, fever, nausea
28
What are the PCP treatments for Diverticulitis?
* Oxygen, IV access * Transport
29
What is the cause of Gastroenteritis?
Viral, bacterial, parasitic infection
30
What are the symptoms of Gastroenteritis?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration
31
What are the PCP treatments for Gastroenteritis?
* Oxygen, IV access * Fluids if dehydrated * Transport
32
What are the symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn’s, Ulcerative Colitis)?
Abdominal pain, diarrhea (bloody), weight loss, fever
33
What are the PCP treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
* Oxygen, IV fluids if needed * Transport
34
What are the symptoms of Abdominal Trauma (Penetrating/Blunt)?
Distension, rigidity, shock signs, blood in stool/urine
35
What are the PCP treatments for Abdominal Trauma?
* Oxygen, IV access, fluids if hypotensive * Spinal precautions if indicated * Transport
36
What is Evisceration?
Abdominal organs protruding from trauma
37
What are the PCP treatments for Evisceration?
* Oxygen, IV access * Cover organs with saline-soaked dressing * Transport to trauma center