Renal/Uro Flashcards
Most common UTI pathogen?
E.Coli
Why are women more likely to get UTIs over Men?
Men have longer urethra (less likely to get them unless BPH present)
A positive Urine culture would should what?
WBCs/leukocyte esterase
**Nitrates typically indicated bacteria is gram neg rods (E.Coli)
CFU amount that indicates a positive UA (C&S)
> 100k CFU (colony forming units)
how do we collect a UA in children who are not toilet trained?
Catheterization
**Urine culture results will be altered if patient already taking ABX
remember C&S before ABX!
ABX of choice for UTI
AMOXICILLIN - not used as often d/t resistance, safe in pregnancy
Nitrofurantoin - only for uncomplicated cystitis ***do not use in 3rd trimester!
TMP-SMX (Bactrim) —> NOT used in pregnancy (sulfa)
Fosfomycin - 1x dose
complicated UTI / not preggers ABX
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
*** DONT USE fluroquinolones in pregnancy
general rule for treating uncomplicated UTI vs complicated
length of time
uncomplicated = 3-5 days
complicated = 10-14 days
**all men/ children always get this since they are always considered complicated
UTI tx in pregnancy
PCN (amoxicillin)
Cephalosporin
nitrofurantoin (up to 37 weeks)
10-14 days!
what abx classes do you avoid in pregnancy when treating a UTI?
Fluroquinolones & Sulfa drugs!
pt with pyelonephritis has not improved after 48-72 hours on appropriate abx… what should next steps be? `
Renal ultrasound or CT scan
Tx for pyelonephritis
complicated —>
Fluroquinolones = Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin
Bactrim
What are casts
mucoprotein formed in the renal tubules
RBC cast = contains trapped RBCs
**Indicates glomerular injury!
(like a cast that shows the RBCs/inside of kidney
what is urolithiasis?
bladder stone
what is nephrolithiasis?
kidney stone
what is the most common kidney stone?
calcium oxalate
what is enuresis?
involuntary loss of urine in children
what is the detrusor muscle?
bladder
what kind of urinary incontinence results in a underactive or outlet obstructed detrusor?
Overflow incontinence
what happens in overflow incontinence
bladder completely full d/t under active bladder or blockage
not able to empty properly
an overactive detrusor muscles creates what kind of urinary incontinence?
URGE incontinence
what happens in urge incontinence
normal amount of urine in bladder, but detrusor muscle is OVERACTIVE
Constant urge d/t overactive bladder
**Most common type
