renal transplant

Question 1

what is a chronic kidney disease

Answer 1

long term condition where kidneys can no longer filter waste and excess fluids

Question 2

stages

Answer 2

1. normal function -signs of kindey damage
   2.midly decreased kidney function (60-89
   3.moderate decreased kidney function (30-59
2. severe damage (15-29
   5.kidney failure ( less than 15

Question 3

symtoms of kidney failure

Answer 3

fatigue, itch, urine output, fluid overload, vomiting, anorexia, nausea

Question 4

causes

Answer 4

-diabetes
-HBP
-Glomerulonephritis
-polycystic kidney disease
-heart disease/obesity

Question 5

how to fix this

Answer 5

prevent not cure
-meds-control hbp, blood sugar, cholestrol
-dietry changes- reduce salt, protein, and potassium intake
-dialysis
-transplant- not a lot to be done
control syptoms
negative QoL

Question 6

what is a acute kidney injury

Answer 6

sudden decline in either days or hours
and is usually reversible

Question 7

what causes AKIs

Answer 7

prerenal-reduced blood flow
intrintic-direct damage to kindeys-infection
postrenal - obstruction of urine flow

Question 8

symptoms

Answer 8

-decreased urine output
-swelling
-fever
-back pain
-fatigue

Question 9

what can be done?

Answer 9

1. address underlying issue e.g imrpoving blood flow
2. stopping nephrotoric medications
3. draining obsturction
4. temprorary dialysis \

Question 10

positives of transplants

Answer 10

-patient returns to normal QoL
-normla life expecatany

Question 11

negatives of transplant

Answer 11

-potential surgical complications
-fialure to work
-psot op thrombosis
-wound deniscience
-risk of infection-immunosuppression
-weakining of the immune system- bacterial, UTI, pneumonia

Question 12

types of kidney transplants

Answer 12

-DCD
-DBD
-paired exchange
-alteristic

Question 13

incomatible transplants

Answer 13

HLA- Human leukocyte antigen
-proteins on cell surface that identify self cells
-markers do not match
-increase chance of rejection
ABO- blood group incompatibility
ABO antibodies attack donor kidney’ blood vessles
-increaase chsnce of rejection

Question 14

sources

Answer 14

Nationial kidney foundation
national institute of diabetes, digestive and kidney diseases
bloom and reese, 2007

Question 15

expansion on causes:diabetes

Answer 15

diabetic nephropathy:
-high blood sugar damages blood vessels
-longterm damages nephrons
-causes kidneys to work harder=fibrosis

Question 16

hypertension

Answer 16

damages all blood vessles and kidney ones
reduces ability to filter waste products

Question 17

glomerulonephritis

Answer 17

inflammation of glomeruli (filters)
inflammation can lead to infection and autoimmunity

Question 18

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 18

genetic disroder were cyts develop innthe kidneys
damamges surrounding kindey tissues

Question 19

heart disease/obesity

Answer 19

related to hypertension and diabetes
poor circulation= kidney ischeamia