Liver diseases

Question 1

What does the liver do

Answer 1

-metabolises nutrients, carbs, fats etc
-detoxifies toxins from the blood by breaking them down
-produces bile- helps digest food
(John hopkins medicine, 2014)

Question 2

Examples of chronic liver diseases

Answer 2

-Hep B and C
-Alchohol related liver disease
-Non-alcholic fatty liver disease ]
-autoimmune liver disease
-genetic disorder
-medicaion and toxin
(National institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney disease)

Question 3

Hepatitis B

Answer 3

-infects hepatocytes and liver becomes inflammed (fibrosis) which leads to cirrhosis
-can be acute and liver fixes itself
-chronic hep B
-cirrhosis-impairs liver function
-liver failure
-liver cancer- hep b major risk factors as ongoing liver damage can lead to ptomoting mutations
(National institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases) (Centres for disease control and prevention)

Question 4

How is Hep B transmitted and treated

Answer 4

Transmitted- through blood and body fluids
Treated- antiviral medications which surpress virus and prevent futher damage
-transplant
-vaccine available

Question 5

Hepatitis C

Answer 5

-Also infects hepatocytes
-70-85% can clear this themselves
-chronic leads to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer
-liver damage-inflammation occurs and affects immune response
-fat accummulates

Question 6

How is Hep C transmitted and treated

Answer 6

-transmitted- blood to blood e.g. needles and sex
treated- no vaccine available
-antiviral medication
-transplant

Question 7

Alcohol related liver disease (ARLD)

Answer 7

Fatty liver (steatosis)
-liver is prioritising breaking down thw alcohol as supposed to breaking down fat
-no symptomatic to start
-can be stopped if alchol consumption is reduced
Hepatitis
-moderate to severe inflammation
-symptoms apprear-jaundice, abnoimal pain acites
-can still be reversed
Cirrhosis
Liver failure
-mechanism-toxic metabolites- acetaldehyde
-oxidative stress
-dat metabolism disruption, immune response

Question 8

What are the risk factors for alcohol related liver disease

Answer 8

-amount of time heavy drinking
-gender (women more susepatble)
-co-existing liver conditions
-genetics

Question 9

what is the treatment for alcohol related liver disease

Answer 9

medication- cortical steriods/immunosuppresants
transplant

Question 10

what are the different liver autmimmune diseases

Answer 10

-autoimmune hepatitis
-primary scleroding cholangitis
-primary biliarycholangitits

Question 11

autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 11

-chrpnic autoimmune
-attacks bodies own cells causing inflammation
-could be genetic or environmental triggers

Question 12

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

Answer 12

-commonly associated with inflammatroy blowel disease
-damaged bile ducts
-bile builds up
-very similiar to PBC
-affects larger bile ducts
-treatments
-no specific cure
-urodeoxcholic acids
-transplant

Question 13

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

Answer 13

-autoimmune that targets bile ducts in the liver
-leads to accumulation of bile
-bile causes damage to liver cells over time
-build of bile=cholestasis -reduced bile flow, inflamamtion, fibrosis, cirrhosis

Question 14

NAFLD

Answer 14

1. steatosis- fat accumulates in liver cells-non symptomatics
2. Non alcholic steatohepatitis
   more severe form of NAFLD- damage to liver cells
   leads to fibrosis and cirhosis and evetually liver failure
   (NIDDK)

Question 15

What the risk factors for NAFLD and how to treat it

Answer 15

risk factors-obesity, T2 diabetes, HBP, high cholestrol
how to treat-excerise and diet