Renal system

Question 1

Main function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

HOMEOSTASIS

• Blood pH control
• H2O (fluid) balance
• Electrolyte balance (sodium; potassium etc.)
• Blood pressure control (hormone production by kidney
• Metabolism (break-down) of toxic waste products & drugs
• Stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production (hormone production by kidney
• Required for absorption of calcium (from the GI tract)

Question 2

The urinary tract encompasses the organs from where urin is _ to where its _.

Answer 2

Produced

Excreted

Question 3

• The _ produce urine
• The _ drains urine.
• The _ stores urine
• The _ excretes urine.

Answer 3

• Kidneys
• Ureter
• Bladder
• Urethre

Question 4

From the ureter to the upper urethre, the tubes are lined with _ epithelium.

Answer 4

Transitional- allows stretching of the epithelial cells eg when the bladder is full

Question 5

What structures are found in:

1. Upper urinary tract
2. Lower urinary tract

Answer 5

1. UUT- Kidney & ureter
2. LUT- Bladder & urethra

Question 6

Which parts of the urinary tract are found in the following areas?

1. Abdomen
2. Pelvis
3. Perineum

Answer 6

1. Kidneys, proximal part of ureter
2. Distal part of ureter, bladder, proximal part of urethra
3. Distal part of urethra

Question 7

What is the anatomical relationship of the kidneys with the peritoneum?

Answer 7

Retroperitoneal

Question 8

What are the various ways in which the kidneys are protected?

Answer 8

• Skeletal muscle- of the back, anterolateral abdo wall, posterior abdominal wall
• Ribs 11 & 12
• Vertebral column
• Renal fascia
• Paranephric fat, renal capsule

Question 9

What are the 3 bilateral branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 9

1. Adrenal arteries
2. Renal arteries
3. Gonadal arteries

The ureters receive blood from the renal arteries, gonadal arteries and the aorta.

Question 10

A _ is the basic structural and functional component of the kidneys.

Answer 10

Nephron

Question 11

The renal artery has _ branches

Answer 11

5- each of these supply the nephrons

Question 12

Which veins drain blood from the kidneys and to where?

Answer 12

1. Renal veins
2. Gonadal veins

Blood from renal veins drains via the IVC into the right artrium

NOTE- Left gonodal goes into left renal vein then IVC

Question 13

The kidneys consist of mainly an outer _ and an inner _.

Answer 13

Cotex

Medulla

Question 14

The Bowmans capsule and glomerulus makes the _ . Whats its function?

Answer 14

Renal corpuscle- Ultrafiltration

Question 15

How do the kidneys drain urine?

Answer 15

1. Nephron collecting ducts
2. Minor calyx
3. Major calyx

Question 16

What are the 3 anatomical sites of ureteric constriction?

Answer 16

1. Pelviureteric junction
2. Common ilac aretery
3. Ureteric orrifice

Question 17

Define renal colic.

Answer 17

A ureteric obstruction causes the body to increase peristalsis proximal to the obstruction, in order to flush it down.

Persitalsis occurs in waves, and the obstructive pain comes and goes hence known as renal colic.

Question 18

Function of the bladder?

Answer 18

Storage bag for urine