Bones & Fractures Flashcards
Describe the outer and inner layers of bone.
Outer cortical layer of Compact bone.
Inner medulla of Spongy bone.
The periosteum has vascular and nervous supply. T/F?
True
Bone marrow is supplied by the _ cavity.
Medullary
What is endochondral ossification?
Process of inital small hyaline cartilage version growing and turning into bone.
Eg- Humerus, Femurus
Parts of a bone?
1. Epiphysis- found on ends
2. Epiphyseal growth plate- Main site of longitudinal growth.
3. Metaphysis- found below growth plate
4. Diaphysis- found between two ends- i.e shaft
What are the different classifications of bones? Eg of where they’re found?
1. Flat bones- protective eg cranium, sternum
2. Long bones- Tubular eg femur, humerus
3. Irregular- Eg vertebrae, spinal cord
4. Sesamoid- With some tendons eg Patella
5. Shorts- Cuboidal eg Carpals
Fractures are most common at the neck of the _.
Fractures of the _ are common in children
Femur- as it is a less compact bone and has a thin/angled structure
Clavicle
Natural healing from a fractured bone is by _ remodelling.
Callus- callus of new bone surrounds the fracture line, before remodelling takes place where it assumes the normal shape leading to a healed bone.
_ are used to surgically reduce and fix fractures.
Titanium screws
Bony features that develop during growth include (2)
- Functional- best shape for the job
2. Adjacent structure- Applying a force to developing bone, moulding its shape.
Bony features relate to change in strucure of the bone
What are the 3 anatomical divisons of the fossae of the cranial cavity?
- Anterior cranial fossa
2 Middle cranial fossa
- Posterior cranial fossa
What are the bones of the axial skeleton? (3)
Bones of
- Skull
- Neck
- Trunk
Bones of appendicular skeleton? (4)
Bones of
1. Pectoral girdle
2. Upper limbs
3. Pelvic girdle
4. Lower limbs
What are the bones of the cranial vault? (5)
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Sphenoid
4. Temporal
5. Occipital
The _ separates the frontal and parietal lobes (2 Words)
Coronal suture
What are the bones of the facial skeleton? (4)
- Nasal
2. Zygoma
3. Maxilla
4. Mandible
How many Le fort fractures are there?
3
The line that seprates the base of the skull from the jaw and mouth is the most inferior aspect of the neurocranium. T/F?
True
What are the bones of the mandible?
1. Condylar process
2. Ramus
3. Angle
4. Inferior border of mandible
5. Body
6. Mental foramen
7. Mental process
What are the divisions of the 33 vertebrae found in the body? (5)
- 7 Cervical (C1-7)
- 12 Thoaric (T1-12)
- 5 lumbar (L1-5)
- 5 Sacral- fused to form one
- 4 Coccygeal- fused to form one
What are the parts and functions of a vertebra?
- Spinous process- Ligament & muscle attachment
2. Transverse process- Ligament, muscle rib articulations
3. Inferior & superior articular processes-motility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints
4. Vertebral arch- Protects spinal cord conisists of 2 pedicle and 2 lamina
5. Vertebral foramen-transmits and protects spinal cord
6. Vertebral body- Weight bearing
Intervertebral foramen form between _ vertebrae, while facet joint are found between _ of _ vertebrae
Adjacent
Articular processes of adjacent
C1 (Atlas) vertbra of the cervical vertebrae do not contain a _ process
C2 (Axis) vertebrae has a _ process
C7 (vertebrae prominens) is the first _ spinous process
Spinous process
Odontoid
Palpable
The pectoral girdle form the two _ and the two _
Scapula & Clavicle
The pelvic girdle is composed of the two _ bones and the _
Hip & Sacrum
The arm is found between the _ and _ joint
Shoulder & elbow
The forearm is found between _ and _ joint
Elbow & wrist
The thigh joint is found between the _ and _ joint.
Leg is found between the _ and _ joint
Hip & knee
Knee & Ankle
