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Principles: Anatomy > Nervous system Structure 1 > Flashcards

Nervous system Structure 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the broad functions of the nervous system? (4)

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Motor
  3. Reflex
  4. Thought, emotion, memory
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2
Q

Motor function of the nervous system can be voluntary and involuntary. T/F?

A

True

Voluntary- skeletal muscle

Involuntary- smooth muscle

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3
Q

What are the parts of a neuron/ nerve cell? (4)

A
  • Dendrites
  • Body
  • Myelin Sheath
  • Axon
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4
Q

The nervous system can be divided into the _ and _ systems

A

CNS & PNS

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5
Q

The _ and _ make up the CNS.

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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6
Q

What are the divisions within the PNS?

A
  1. Spinal nerves- connect with spinal cord
  2. Cranial nerves- travel through cranial cavity
  3. Autonomic Nervous system- Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
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7
Q

Afferent neurones carry out a _ function

Efferent neurones carry out a _ function

A

Sensory- bring signals towards CNS

Motor- projects away from CNS

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8
Q

Interneurones, which organise relay and create circuits are part of the PNS. T/F?

A

False- CNS

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9
Q

Two or more neurones meet and communicate at the _

A

Synapse- electrical signal becomes a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) than an electrical signal again.

Drugs often used to block synpases.

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10
Q

The somatic and autonomic nervous system innervates what parts of the body respectively?

A
  1. Somatic- Body wall & external environment- eg skin, fascia, skeletal muscle.
  2. Autonomic- innervates organs & internal environment.
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11
Q

What are the functional parts of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain stem
  4. Spinal cord

Gyrus and Sulcus- found in the outermost layer of the Cerebral hemispheres

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12
Q

What are the lobes of the brain? (4)

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital

Each lobe named according to the cranial nerve that covers it

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13
Q

What are the divisions of the cranial cavity?

A
  1. Anterior cranial fossa
  2. Middle cranial fossa
  3. Posterior cranial fossa
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14
Q

What are the main structures of the brainstem? (3- coloured)

A
  1. Mid-brain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla oblangata
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15
Q

The brain stem becomes the spinal cord once it leaves the cranial vault via the _

A

Foramen magnum

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16
Q

What are the 4 segments of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
17
Q

The spinal cord ends at the Conus Medullaris at _ intervertebral disc level

18
Q

The spinal cord connect with _ number of pairs of spinal nerves

19
Q

The outer area (cortex) of the brain is known as _ matter, while the inner area of the brain is _ matter.

A

Grey- full of cell bodies

White- Myelinated axons, myelin white in colour

20
Q

Name all 12 Cranial nerves

A
  1. On- Olfactory– Some
  2. Occasion- Optic– Say
  3. Our- Occulomotor–Marry
  4. Trusty- Trochlear- Money
  5. Truck- Trigeminal–But
  6. Acts- Abducent–My
  7. Funny- Facial–Brother
  8. Very- Vestibulocochlear–Says
  9. Good- Glossopharyngeal–Big
  10. Vehicle- Vagus–Brains
  11. Any- Accessory–Matter
  12. How- Hypoglossal–More
21
Q

Label all the 12 Cranial nerves

22
Q

What are the forimnae of the base of the skull?

A
  1. Cribriform palate of Ethmoid
  2. Optic canal
  3. Superior orbital fissure
  4. Forament rotundum
  5. Foramen ovale
  6. Internal acoustic meatus
  7. Jugular foramen
  8. Hypoglossal canal
23
Q

Spinal nerves are only located in the intervertebral _

24
Q

The anterior rootlets and roots have _ function, while the posterior rootles and roots have a _ function

A

Motor

Sensory

The spinal nerve, posterior & anterior rami are mixed.

25
Q

Out of the 31 spinal nerves in the Vertebrae, what types and number of spinal nerves are found?

A
  1. Cervical spinal- C1-C8
  2. Thoracic spinal- T1-T12
  3. Lumbar spinal- L1-L5
  4. Sacral spinal- S1-S5
  5. Cocygeal spinal- Co1
26
Q

Dermatones are divisions of the body wall where each segment is innervated by a single pair of nerves. T/F?

A

True

Dermatomes- each area of skin are supplied by the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve.

27
Q

The T4 dermatone is at the _ while the T10 dermatone is found at the umbilicus.

A

male Nipple, Umbilicus

28
Q

Nerve plexuses are formed by networks of inter-twined _

A

Anterior Rami- anterior divison of spinal nerve

29
Q

Sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord between spinal nerves _ and _

30
Q

Parasympathetic outflow leave the CNS via cranial nerves _, _, _, _ and via _ spinal nerves

A

III,VII,IX,X

Sacral

31
Q

Vagus nerve supplies organs upto the _gut, while _ _ nerves innervate the hindgut and lower structures.

A

Mid

Sacral spinal

Principles: Anatomy (5 decks)

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