Joints & Dislocations

Question 1

What are joints?

Answer 1

Articulations between adjacent parts of skeleton

Question 2

The skeleton is made up of _ and _

Answer 2

Bones & cartilage

Question 3

What are some functions of bones?

Answer 3

1. Support & protection of organs
2. Red blood cell production
3. Calcium metabolism
4. Attachment for skeletal muscle

Question 4

Bones are harder than cartilage.T/F?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Cartilage is found at articulations (joints) where _ is required

Answer 5

Mobility

Question 6

Movement of the skeleton occurs at _

Answer 6

Joints

Question 7

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 7

1. Fibrous

2. Cartilaginous

3. Synovial

Question 8

What is the order of thes joint types from most mobile (least stable) to least mobile (most stable)?

Answer 8

1. Synovial
2. Cartilaginous
3. Fibrous

Question 9

What are the three types of fibrous joints and where is each type found?

Answer 9

Fibrous- limited mobility, quite stable

1. Syndesmoses

• a fibrous membrane that unites bones with fibrous sheet
• Eg interosseus membrane- found in the membrane sheet between fibia and tibula
• Partially movablable

2. Sutures-

Found between bones of Skull

• Eg coronal, sagittal suture
• Highly stable

3. Fontanelles

Wide sutures of the neonatal skull- this allows sliding of the growing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipatl bones over each other

Question 10

What are the two types of Cartilaginous joints?

Answer 10

1. Primary
2. Secondary

Question 11

What are primary cartilaginous joints also called? eg

Answer 11

Synchondroses- Bones which are joined to Hyaline cartilage

Allows ossification & fusion

Question 12

What are secondary cartilaginous joints also called? Eg?

Answer 12

Symphesis- strong slightly movable

Eg intervertebral discs

Question 13

The secondary cartiiaginous joints are found in the outer and inner layer of the intervertebral discs, What are they called?

Answer 13

1. Outer- Annulus fibrosus
2. Inner- Nucleus pulposus- soft centre

Each disc allows small degree of movement in all directions

Question 14

Synovial joints are formed by two or more bones articulating with each other. T/F?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Articular surfaces of synovial joints are covered by what?

Answer 15

Hyaline cartilage

Question 16

A _ wraps around the joint for added protection

Answer 16

Capsule

Question 17

Synovial joints contain joint _ which secrete _ fluid.

Answer 17

Cavity & fluid

Fluid- cushions, nourishes, lubricates

Question 18

Synovial joints are supported by _

Answer 18

Ligaments

Also associated with skeletal muscles, their tendons and bursae

Question 19

What are the five subtypes of Synovial joints?

Answer 19

1. Plane- minimal movement in one plane
2. Hinge- reasonable movement in one plane
3. Bi-axial- reasonable movement in 1 plane and less so in another
4. Pivot- more than 45 degree “shake of head” rotation
5. Ball & Socket- good range of muti-axial movement

Question 20

What is the full range of movement in ball & socket joints knwon as?

Answer 20

Circumduction- eg in shoulder, hip

Question 21

What is subluxation and disloaction?

Answer 21

Subluxation- Reduced area of contact between two articular surfaces

Disloaction- full loss of contact between two articular surfaces.

Question 22

The TMJ is a synovial joint, an articulation between the _ superiorly and the _ inferiorly

Answer 22

Temporal bone & Condylar process of the mandible

Question 23

What is the physical effect of the disloaction of the TMJ?

Answer 23

Patients mouth is wide open, cannot be closed

Dislocations can be uni or bilateral

Chin remaining in Midline- bilateral dislocation