Renal System Flashcards
Distinguish differences between Acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease
ARF
- rapid change in renal function
- 3 stages of disease
- Commonly due to meds or acute clinical situations
- renal function may return to baseline
CKD
- progressive reduction in renal function
- 5 stages of disease based on CrCl
- Early stages are often ASYMPTOMATIC
- Late stages have significant complications
What are the three phases of acute renal failure?
Oliguric - low urine output
Diuretic - high urine output
Recovery - regain of true function
Which phases are asymptomatic in chronic kidney disease?
stage 1 and 2
What are some common causes of ARF?
Hypotension/shock
HF
Drug induced
Pyelonephritis/glomerulonephritits
What are some common risk factors for CKD?
HTN
DM
Advanced Age
Which lab values would we examine in evaluating renal function?
Serum creatinine Estimated creatinine clearance BUN Urine output Weight Urinalysis
What is the Cockgroft-Gault equation?
Estimation of creatinine clearance
CrCl = [(140-age) x IBW] / 72xSCr (x0.85 if female)
What is cystitis? What is pyelonephritis?
Cystitis is lower UTI -inflammation of the bladder
Pyelonephritis is upper UTI - inflammation of the kidney
Most commonly results from bacteria ascending the urethra
What are some risk factors for UTIs?
Female
Pregnant
Extremes of age
Renal disease
What are signs and symptoms of UTIs?
Signs
- Hematuria
- Bacteriuria
Symptoms
- Dysuria
- Fever/chills
- Suprapubic pain
- Nausea/vomitting
What are renal stones commonly composed of?
Calcium salts
Uric acid
Struvite
When do you feel the pain from kidney stones?
When they reach the ureter or blocking the uteropelvic junction
What are some risk factors for renal stones?
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Hyperuricosuria
Gout
How can you tell that flank pain is associated with renal stones rather than an upper UTI?
If pain goes away by lying down, it is an upper UTI. If not then it is renal stones
