Cardiovascular and Peripheral System

Question 1

What does CTAB stand for?

NAD? NABS?

Answer 1

CTAB - clear to ascultation bilaterally
NAD - no abnormalities detected
NABS - normoactive bowel sounds

Question 2

What is a bruit?

Answer 2

Unusual sound blood makes as it pushes by a blockadge

Question 3

What does S1 indicate? S2? Where are they the loudest?

Answer 3

S1 - closure of tricuspid and mitral valves (heard loudest over the apex)
S2 - Closure of pulmonic and aortic valves (heard loudest over the base)

Question 4

When does S3 occur? S4?

Answer 4

S3 Occurs before diastole after S2

S4 Occurs after diastole before S1

Question 5

When experiencing chest pain, what are the different types of pain you can have and what is likely the cause? What are precipitating factors?

Answer 5

Cardiac - crushing feeling –> exertion or stress
GI - burning sensation –> food consumption
Musculoskeletal - achy feeling -> physical movement

Question 6

Which population have Prinzmetal’s angina the most frequently? What medicines can you manage with?

Answer 6

Younger patients

Treat with diltiazem or verapamil

Question 7

Describe the trends in ABI and what they mean for PAD.

Answer 7

ABI < 0.90 confirms diagnosis lower-extremity PAD
ABI > 1.40 + clinical suspicion of PAD warrants further testing (toe-brachial index)
ABI 0.91 - 1 indicates “borderline” increased CV risk