Renal system Flashcards
week 19
define osmosis
process water moves into and out of cells across a semipermeable membrane
what is osmosis determined by?
osmolarity of the solutions
define erythrocytes
red blood cells
what would happen if erythrocytes were placed into an isotonic bathing solution?
no change in cell volume
what would happen if erythrocytes were placed into a hypotonic bathing solution?
more dilute outside than inside so water moves into the cell
increased cell volume
what would happen if erythrocytes were placed into a hypertonic bathing solution?
very concentrated outside than inside so water moves out of cell
decrease in cell volume
what do homeostatic mechanisms maintain?
a constant osmolarity of ECF
what does monitoring and manipulating the ECF cause?
a change to intracellular fluid
what is intracellular fluid osmolarity dependent on?
ECF osmolarity
homeostasis is a … equilibrium
variables are … corrected within …
dynamic
continually
narrow limits
what feedback is homeostasis maintained by?
negative feedback
what percentage of an average person’s body weight is water?
60%
what are the factors that affect water balance? (3)
dry food and wet food
dry and humid environment
physiological factors
define water intake
ingestion of water in drinks and within food
what organs are excretory organs of the body? (4)
skin - sweat of water, salts and urea
lungs - exhaling carbon dioxide and water
GI tract - water and bile
kidneys - urine
what are the key mechanisms involved in controlling body water osmolarity?
urine concentration and thirst
what is the kidney?
an organ of excretion and body fluid osmolarity and regulation
what are the renal functions? (5)
regulation of water balance
regulation of salt balance
removal of metabolic waste products
removal of foreign substances
regulation of pH
hormone production
what are the components of a kidney? (5)
cortex
medullary pyramid
calyx
pelvis
capsule
what supplies oxygenated blood to the kidney?
renal artery
what carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney?
renal vein
what arteries are found within the kidney? (3)
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
interlobar artery
