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Med Surg 1 > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

This electrolyte can be low in those with CKD

(s/s is +tetany)

A

Hypocalcemia

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2
Q

When blood pressure is low, this line of action will help increase it. Too much
of this can be harmful to the kidneys

A

RAASystem

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3
Q

Priority nursing concern in a patient with renal calculi

A

Acute PN

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4
Q

If found in urinalysis, it can be indicative of a +UTI

A

Nitrates, Bacteria

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5
Q

Risk factors for development of a UTI

A

[HARDTOVOID]
Hormone Changes
Antibiotics
Renal Stones
Diabetes
Toiletreis
Obstructive Prostatic
Vesicoureteral reflux
Overextended bladder
Indwelling Cath
Decreased Immune

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6
Q

A great way to monitor fluid balance

A

Daily Weights

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7
Q

Low K, low Na, low phos

A

Renal Diet

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8
Q

Happens easily in someone with renal disease

A

Fluid Overload

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9
Q

A decrease in erythropoietin can cause this

A

Anemia

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10
Q

This is done to act as the kidneys

A

Dialysis

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11
Q

Urinary tract infections effecting the kidneys and the bladder

A

Pyelonephritis

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12
Q

Normal creatinine values

A

0.5 to 1.2

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13
Q

Normal BUN values

A

10 to 20

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14
Q

Major cause of Chronic Kidney Disease

A

HTN and DM

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15
Q

Dangerous electrolyte imbalance in someone with kidney disease

A

Hyperkalemia

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16
Q

Used after TURP to keep the bladder clot free

A

CBI

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17
Q

Can be caused by “nurses bladder”

A

UTI

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18
Q

BPH can can cause this

A

Post Renal Cause of AKI

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19
Q

Possible imbalance in someone with CKD, a low pH and a low HCO3, high K

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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20
Q

S/S include frequency, dribble at the end of urination and nocturia

A

BPH

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21
Q

Education piece for a patient recovering from a UTI

A

urinate q3-4 hours while awake

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22
Q

This itching of the skin can be a sign of CKD

A

pruritus

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23
Q

To help maintain fluid balance especially with hypernatremia

A

Fluid Restrictions

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24
Q

A decrease in this in someone with CKD leads to baseline anemia

A

Erythropoietin

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25
Q

Whats Urolithiasis

and whos at more of a risk

A

A condition that occurs when these stones exit the renal pelvis and move into the remainder of the urinary collecting system

Men greater chance

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26
Q

Some nursing cares for CKD

A
  • Monitor for Hyperkalemia
  • Respiratory Assesment
  • Monitor for edema
  • Place Patient on tele
  • Monitor I/O’s
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27
Q

Risks for Injury-Factors are high for which type of Dx

A

CKD

28
Q

Functions of the Kidneys

A
  • Filters metabolic waste (Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinie, Ammonia)
  • Fluid Volume Control
  • Electrolyte Control (K, Na, Cl)
  • Renin Production (RAAS system)
  • Erythropoietin Production
  • Activation of Vitamin D to help absorb Ca
  • Regulate acid-base balance
29
Q

What does the RAAS system Do

A

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance.

30
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A

The amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli

31
Q

Serum Creatinie (CR)

Value

A

0.5 to 1.2
Byproduct of muscle metabolism

32
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

10-20
Byproduct of protein metabolism

33
Q

What happens if BUN and Cr increase

A

Then GFR decrease

34
Q

Why do we use BUN to determine kidney damage

A

People can have the same CR, but very diffrent GFR

35
Q

What is Cystitis

A

Infection of the bladder

36
Q

What is Pyelonephritis

A

Infection of the kidneys & Bladder

37
Q

What is Urosepsis

A

Infection of Kidney, Bladder, and Bloodstream
Deadly

38
Q

Whos more common to get an UTI

A

Women

39
Q

Types of UTI

A

Community acquired, Hospital acquired, CAUTI

40
Q

Symptoms of an UTI

A

Dysuria, Post void dribbling, Urinary retention, Incontinence, Nocturia, Urgency, Nocturnal enuresis, Frequency (more than 8times in 24hr)

41
Q

Treatment of UTI

A

Goal: eliminate the organisms, prevent recurrent, education
Meds: anti B/ analgesic

42
Q

What’s Pyelonephritis

A

Inflame of renal pelvis (acute or chronic)

43
Q

Special considerations for Pyelonephritis

A

Early treatment, increase fluid intake, looks more ill, big risk for sepsis/dehydration

44
Q

What’s Pyuria

A

WBC in urine and its abnormal

45
Q

Nitrates in UA is what

A

produced by bacteria and is abnormal

46
Q

Risk factors for Calculi

A

Prior Hx, genetics, age, immobility, too much calcium, oxalate, or protein, GOUT, hyperparahroid, urinary stasis

47
Q

S/S for Calculi

A

Acute sudden flank PN, hematuria, oliguria, N/V, pallor

48
Q

Nursing interventions and Treatments for Calculi

A

PN control, prevention, fluids, mobility
SX is called lithotripsy or SX removal

49
Q

Highest causes of kidney Disease

A

DM and HTN

50
Q

Warning signs of Renal Diseas

A

HTN, elevated Cr or BUN
low GFR, increased or decreased urination, nocturia, dysuria
Edema around eyes, swelling of hands and feet

51
Q

3 Types of AKI

A

Pre renal, Intrarenal, Postrenal

52
Q

What’s Pre renal

A

Causes are factors that impair/reduce renal blood flow
- severe dehydration, HRF, low CO = decreased perfusion, and other perfusion problems
- Identify cause and treat, then renal failure will resolve

53
Q

What’s Intrarenal

A

Causes include damage to the kidneys themselves
- Prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxins, hemolyzed RBCS, Lupus
- Also trauma

54
Q

Postrenal

A

Caused from an obstruction below kidneys
- BPH, prostate cancer, calculi

55
Q

Nursing management for AKI

A

Monitor I/O, weights, COCA, Lung Sounds, Cardiac status/rhythm, Diet, Timely meds

56
Q

AKI vs CKD what’s the main diffrence

A

AKI= rapid loss of kidney function, potentially reversible but increased mortality rate
CKD= slow onset, gradual progressive decline in kidney function

57
Q

What does a drop in GFR mean

A

An inability to eliminate solutes, maintain water and electrolytes balance as well as pH

58
Q

What two probs that will kill pt’s quick related to kidney issues.

A
  • hyperkalemia
    -metabolic acidosis
59
Q

What’s BPH

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
non cancerous

60
Q

Manifestations of BPH

A

Irritative associated with inflammation, Nocturia, frequency, urgency, dysuria, bladder PN, Incontinence

61
Q

Treatments for BPH

A

Non surgical= waiting, annual check, less drinking at night, bladder training, decrease bladder irritants
Surgical= TURP

62
Q

Post Op care of BPH Sx

A
  • 3way Cath w/ manual irrigation
  • CBI, for 24 hours
  • Monitor for hemorrhage, I/O calculate true urine, clots infection, increase PO fluids if not contraindications
  • Void trail
63
Q

What’s CKD and major causes

A

Chronic Kidney Disease
HTN and DM
Progressive and irreversible, loss of kidney function, changes is gradual body gets use to K and H+

64
Q

Clinical manifestations of CKD

A

Oliguria less than 400ml output in 24hr
Anuria less than 40ml output in 24hr

65
Q

Treatment of CKD

A

Preserve existing kidney function/ slow growth
manage BP, maintain nutrion (BGL), Prepare for dialysis or transplant, treat hyperk, avoid protein, fluid, K and Phos restrict

66
Q

Nursing consideration in CKD

A

Monitor I/O, nephrotoxic meds, daily weights, assess swellings, lung sounds, BP, tele, diet and fall risk

Med Surg 1 (6 decks)

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