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Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

This electrolyte can be low in those with CKD

(s/s is +tetany)

A

Hypocalcemia

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2
Q

When blood pressure is low, this line of action will help increase it. Too much
of this can be harmful to the kidneys

A

RAASystem

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3
Q

Priority nursing concern in a patient with renal calculi

A

Acute PN

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4
Q

If found in urinalysis, it can be indicative of a +UTI

A

Nitrates, Bacteria

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5
Q

Risk factors for development of a UTI

A

[HARDTOVOID]
Hormone Changes
Antibiotics
Renal Stones
Diabetes
Toiletreis
Obstructive Prostatic
Vesicoureteral reflux
Overextended bladder
Indwelling Cath
Decreased Immune

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6
Q

A great way to monitor fluid balance

A

Daily Weights

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7
Q

Low K, low Na, low phos

A

Renal Diet

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8
Q

Happens easily in someone with renal disease

A

Fluid Overload

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9
Q

A decrease in erythropoietin can cause this

A

Anemia

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10
Q

This is done to act as the kidneys

A

Dialysis

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11
Q

Urinary tract infections effecting the kidneys and the bladder

A

Pyelonephritis

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12
Q

Normal creatinine values

A

0.5 to 1.2

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13
Q

Normal BUN values

A

10 to 20

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14
Q

Major cause of Chronic Kidney Disease

A

HTN and DM

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15
Q

Dangerous electrolyte imbalance in someone with kidney disease

A

Hyperkalemia

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16
Q

Used after TURP to keep the bladder clot free

A

CBI

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17
Q

Can be caused by “nurses bladder”

A

UTI

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18
Q

BPH can can cause this

A

Post Renal Cause of AKI

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19
Q

Possible imbalance in someone with CKD, a low pH and a low HCO3, high K

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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20
Q

S/S include frequency, dribble at the end of urination and nocturia

A

BPH

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21
Q

Education piece for a patient recovering from a UTI

A

urinate q3-4 hours while awake

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22
Q

This itching of the skin can be a sign of CKD

A

pruritus

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23
Q

To help maintain fluid balance especially with hypernatremia

A

Fluid Restrictions

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24
Q

A decrease in this in someone with CKD leads to baseline anemia

A

Erythropoietin

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25
Whats Urolithiasis | and whos at more of a risk
A condition that occurs when these stones exit the renal pelvis and move into the remainder of the urinary collecting system | Men greater chance
26
Some nursing cares for CKD
- Monitor for Hyperkalemia - Respiratory Assesment - Monitor for edema - Place Patient on tele - Monitor I/O's
27
Risks for Injury-Factors are high for which type of Dx
CKD
28
Functions of the Kidneys
- Filters metabolic waste (Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinie, Ammonia) - Fluid Volume Control - Electrolyte Control (K, Na, Cl) - Renin Production (RAAS system) - Erythropoietin Production - Activation of Vitamin D to help absorb Ca - Regulate acid-base balance
29
What does the RAAS system Do
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance.
30
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
The amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli
31
Serum Creatinie (CR) | Value
0.5 to 1.2 Byproduct of muscle metabolism
32
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
10-20 Byproduct of protein metabolism
33
What happens if BUN and Cr increase
Then GFR decrease
34
Why do we use BUN to determine kidney damage
People can have the same CR, but very diffrent GFR
35
What is Cystitis
Infection of the bladder
36
What is Pyelonephritis
Infection of the kidneys & Bladder
37
What is Urosepsis
Infection of Kidney, Bladder, and Bloodstream Deadly
38
Whos more common to get an UTI
Women
39
Types of UTI
Community acquired, Hospital acquired, CAUTI
40
Symptoms of an UTI
Dysuria, Post void dribbling, Urinary retention, Incontinence, Nocturia, Urgency, Nocturnal enuresis, Frequency (more than 8times in 24hr)
41
Treatment of UTI
Goal: eliminate the organisms, prevent recurrent, education Meds: anti B/ analgesic
42
What's Pyelonephritis
Inflame of renal pelvis (acute or chronic)
43
Special considerations for Pyelonephritis
Early treatment, increase fluid intake, looks more ill, big risk for sepsis/dehydration
44
What's Pyuria
WBC in urine and its abnormal
45
Nitrates in UA is what
produced by bacteria and is abnormal
46
Risk factors for Calculi
Prior Hx, genetics, age, immobility, too much calcium, oxalate, or protein, GOUT, hyperparahroid, urinary stasis
47
S/S for Calculi
Acute sudden flank PN, hematuria, oliguria, N/V, pallor
48
Nursing interventions and Treatments for Calculi
PN control, prevention, fluids, mobility SX is called lithotripsy or SX removal
49
Highest causes of kidney Disease
DM and HTN
50
Warning signs of Renal Diseas
HTN, elevated Cr or BUN low GFR, increased or decreased urination, nocturia, dysuria Edema around eyes, swelling of hands and feet
51
3 Types of AKI
Pre renal, Intrarenal, Postrenal
52
What's Pre renal
Causes are factors that impair/reduce renal blood flow - severe dehydration, HRF, low CO = decreased perfusion, and other perfusion problems - Identify cause and treat, then renal failure will resolve
53
What's Intrarenal
Causes include damage to the kidneys themselves - Prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxins, hemolyzed RBCS, Lupus - Also trauma
54
Postrenal
Caused from an obstruction below kidneys - BPH, prostate cancer, calculi
55
Nursing management for AKI
Monitor I/O, weights, COCA, Lung Sounds, Cardiac status/rhythm, Diet, Timely meds
56
AKI vs CKD what's the main diffrence
AKI= rapid loss of kidney function, potentially reversible but increased mortality rate CKD= slow onset, gradual progressive decline in kidney function
57
What does a drop in GFR mean
An inability to eliminate solutes, maintain water and electrolytes balance as well as pH
58
What two probs that will kill pt's quick related to kidney issues.
- hyperkalemia -metabolic acidosis
59
What's BPH
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy non cancerous
60
Manifestations of BPH
Irritative associated with inflammation, Nocturia, frequency, urgency, dysuria, bladder PN, Incontinence
61
Treatments for BPH
Non surgical= waiting, annual check, less drinking at night, bladder training, decrease bladder irritants Surgical= TURP
62
Post Op care of BPH Sx
- 3way Cath w/ manual irrigation - CBI, for 24 hours - Monitor for hemorrhage, I/O calculate true urine, clots infection, increase PO fluids if not contraindications - Void trail
63
What's CKD and major causes
Chronic Kidney Disease HTN and DM Progressive and irreversible, loss of kidney function, changes is gradual body gets use to K and H+
64
Clinical manifestations of CKD
Oliguria less than 400ml output in 24hr Anuria less than 40ml output in 24hr
65
Treatment of CKD
Preserve existing kidney function/ slow growth manage BP, maintain nutrion (BGL), Prepare for dialysis or transplant, treat hyperk, avoid protein, fluid, K and Phos restrict
66
Nursing consideration in CKD
Monitor I/O, nephrotoxic meds, daily weights, assess swellings, lung sounds, BP, tele, diet and fall risk

Med Surg 1 (6 decks)

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