Immune Response, HIV, Sepsis Flashcards
what Is an antigen
A substance that elicits an immune response
what are antibodies
produced in response to an antigen, body produces these when antigen are present
what’s innate immunity
non specific response, present at birth, can respond within minutes, first line of defense
what’s acquired/adaptive immunity
developed immunity, gained after birth, second line of defense, gained through exposures of pathogens, can either be developed of immunity actively or passively
what’s active acquired/adaptive immunity
contact with a foreign substance or infection (immunizations are an example)
what’s passive acquired/adaptive immunity
we receive from mother, injected antibodies, this type have immediate effects but is short lived, we don’t synthesize these again therefore we don’t retain the memory for that antigen
humoral immunity
an individual exposed to an antigen for the second time, secondary antibody response occur
cell-mediated
response initiated through specific antigen recognition by T cells, T cells kill the infected cells and coordinate the overall immune response
what does inflammation do
its a sequential reaction to cell injury, removes foreign material, establishes an environment for healing, healing capacity
what’s a key point for inflammation
inflammation is always present with infection, but infection is not always present with inflammation
hypersensitivity responses (type 1 response)
igE mediated
anaphylaxis reaction from antigens (systemic), allergic rhinitis (local)
hypersensitivity responses (type 2 response)
cytotoxic
blood transfusions reaction, Rh incompatibility
hypersensitivity responses (type 3 response)
immune complex
tissue damage: systemic, local, immediate or delayed
hypersensitivity responses (type 4 response)
delayed
cell mediated response, example contact dermatitis and transplant rejections
latex allergies in terms of hypersensitivity responses
can be type 1 or type 4
type 1 is systemic (skin redness, urticaria, asthma,anaphylaxis)
type 4 is local (contact dermatitis)
nursing care for immunocompromised
masks, gowns, gloves, limit invasive procedures, limit visitors, single patient items, no raw/uncooked veggies, no sharing razors, toothbrush
nursing care for gerontologic
decline in function of immune system, increased susceptibility to infection, response to immunizations is lower, thymus shrinks, t-cells production diminishes
sepsis criteria
2+ of the following
AMS, temp >100.9, HR >90, hyperglycemia w/o DB >140, Hypothermia <97, SBP <100, RR >22
how is HIV spread
blood, semen, breast milk, vag secretions
what does HIV cause
immunosuppression
what’s AIDS
a point on the continuum of HIV infection where they are severely immunocompromised, AMS, Labs worse
what are opportunistic infections
infections that take over people who are like immunocompromised like AIDS
