Renal - Stuff Missed

Question 1

Renal handling of PAH

Answer 1

• always more is secreted than filtered

Question 2

Renal handling of Inulin

Answer 2

• is neither reabsorbed or secreted by kidneys

Question 3

Renal handling of sodium

Answer 3

• > 99% of filtered Na is reabsorbed

- <1% is excreted

Question 4

Renal handling of urea

Answer 4

• at fixed GFR, 40 - 50% of filtered urea is reabsorbed by proximal tubule

Question 5

Renal handling of glucose

Answer 5

at low plasma concentration, it is completely reabsorbed

at high plasma concentrations, it increased fractional excretion is observed

Question 6

How does Ureteral constriction or obstruction affects GFR and filtration fraction

Answer 6

• Decreases GFR and decreases filtration fraction

Question 7

Filtration Fraction formula

Answer 7

GFR/RPF

Question 8

Rheumatic fever

Answer 8

autoimmune reaction following untreated Group A Strep (Strep pyogenes)
- antigenic similarity between bacterial antigens and normal “self” antigents in heart and CNS cause formation of anti-self antibodies

Question 9

Familial hypercholesteremia

Answer 9

AD

underexpression of LDL receptors leads to accelerated atherosclerosis and early-onset CAD

Question 10

Resistance of vessels in parallel

Answer 10

1/R(total) = 1/(R1) +1/(R2) + 1/(R3) +….

Question 11

Signs of microembolisms

Answer 11

Janeway lesions (nontender lesions on palms and soles)
- Splinter hemorhages - streaks on nail bead

Question 12

Side effects of niacin (esp. in relation to hypertensive and diabetes medications)

Answer 12

• Can potentiate anti-hypertensive medications due to vasodilatory effects
• Can cause insulin resistance and may necessitate increase in diabetes medications

Question 13

Varicose veins

Answer 13

due to prolonged increases in intraluminal pressure and loss of vessel wall tensile strentch
- due to incompetent venous valves, venous stasis, edema

Question 14

Phlegmasia alba dolens

Answer 14

consequence of ilofemoral venous thrombosis