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USMLE Step 1 > Microbiology - Zoonotic Bacteria > Flashcards

Microbiology - Zoonotic Bacteria Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bartonella spp

A
  • Cat scratch disease

- transmitted by cat scratch

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2
Q

Borrelia burgdoferi

A
  • Lyme disease

- transmitted by Ixodes tick (liver on deer and mice)

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3
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A
  • Recurrent fever

- transmitted by louse (recurrent due to variable surface antigens)

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4
Q

Brucella spp

A

Brucellosis/ undulent fever

- transmitted by unpasteurized dairy (e.g. goat cheese/milk)

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5
Q

Campylobacter

A
  • Bloody diarrhea

- transmitted by puppies, livestock (fecal-oral, ingestion of undercooked meat)

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6
Q

Chamydophila psittaci

A

Pstitacosis (“bird with clam shell sitting on skin)

- transmitted by parrots or other birds

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7
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Q fever

- aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid

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8
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

A

Ehrlichiosis

- transmitted by Lone Star Tick

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9
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Tularemia (site specific infection + lymphadenopathy)

- transmitted by ticks, rabbits, deer fly

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10
Q

Leptospira spp

A

Leptospirosis

- transmitted by animal urine

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11
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy

- transmitted by armadillos and humans with lepromatous leprosy

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12
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

Cellulitis, Osteomyelitis

- transmitted by animal bite, cat, dogs

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13
Q

Ricksettia prowazekii

A

Endemic typhus

-transmitted by louse

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14
Q

Ricksettia ricksetti

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

- transmitted by Dermacentor tick bite

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15
Q

Ricksettia typhi

A

Endemic typhus

- transmitted by fleasq

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16
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Plague (fever, dark skin patches, regional lymphadenopathy)

-transmitted by fleas (rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs)

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17
Q

Gardenerella vaginalis

A

Pleomorphic gram-variable rod causes vaginosis

  • gray vaginal discharge with fishy smell, non-painful
  • associated with sexual activity, but not STD
  • characterized by overgrowth of certain bacteria
  • Clue cells or vaginal epithelial cells covered iwth bacteria
18
Q

Tx for Gardenerella vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

19
Q

Treatment for all rickettsial disease

A

Doxycycline

20
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A
  • caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
  • found broadly in US
  • RASH typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spread s to trunk, palms, and soles.
21
Q

Rickettsiae

A
  • obligate intracellular organisms that need CoA and NAD+
22
Q

Palm and sole rashes are seen in which disease?

A

“you drive CARS using your ‘palms’ and ‘soles’”

Coxsackievirus
A infection (hand, foot, and mouth disease)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Dever
Syphillis

23
Q

Ehrlichiosis

A
  • tick borne disease
  • monocytes with morula (berry-like inclusions) in cytoplasm
  • NO RASH
24
Q

Anaplasmosis

A

-tick borne disease
Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm
- NO RASH

25
Q

Q fever

A
  • caused by Coxiella burnetti
  • transmitted by tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols
  • Present as pneumonia (NO RASH)
26
Q

Chlamydiae

A

cannot make their own ATP

obligate intracellular organims tha cause mucosal infections

27
Q

Lab diagnosis of Chlamydiae:

A

Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antbody-stained smear.

28
Q

Feature unusual about chlamydiae cell wall

A

Lacks muramic acid

29
Q

Two forms of chalmydiae

A

Elementary body

Reticulate body

30
Q

Elementary body (chlamydiae)

A
  • infectious and enters cell via endocytosis
31
Q

Reticulate body (chlamydiae)

A
  • replicates in cell by FISSION; forms seen on tissue culture
32
Q

Chlamydiae trachomatis

A
  • causes reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, and PID
33
Q

C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci

A
  • cause atypical pneumonia

- transmitted by azithromycin

34
Q

Treatment of Chlamydiae

A

Azithromycin (favored because one time treatment) or doxycycline

35
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotype: A, B, and C

A

Chronic infection, cause blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa

ABC = Africa/Blindness/Chronic Infection

36
Q

Chlamydia trachomatic serotype: D-K

A

Urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (stacatto cough), or neonatal conjunctivitis

37
Q

C. trachomatis serotype: L1, L2, and L3

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum - starts as painless sore and then migrates to lymph nodes

38
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Classic cause of “walking” pneumonia
(insiduous onset, headache, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate)

X ray: looks worse than patient

High titer of COLD agglutinins (IgM), which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs. Grown on Eaton’s agar

39
Q

Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Macrolide or or Fluoroquiniolone (penicillin ineffective since Mycoplasma hae no cell wall)

40
Q

Fx unusual about Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

No cell wall. Not seen on Gram stain

Bacterial wall contains sterols for stability

41
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - popular in what population

A

“Walking pneumoniae” in patients < 30 years old

- Frequent outbreaks in military recruits and prisons

USMLE Step 1 (34 decks)

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