Microbiology - Zoonotic Bacteria

Question 1

Bartonella spp

Answer 1

• Cat scratch disease

- transmitted by cat scratch

Question 2

Borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 2

• Lyme disease

- transmitted by Ixodes tick (liver on deer and mice)

Question 3

Borrelia recurrentis

Answer 3

• Recurrent fever

- transmitted by louse (recurrent due to variable surface antigens)

Question 4

Brucella spp

Answer 4

Brucellosis/ undulent fever

- transmitted by unpasteurized dairy (e.g. goat cheese/milk)

Question 5

Campylobacter

Answer 5

• Bloody diarrhea

- transmitted by puppies, livestock (fecal-oral, ingestion of undercooked meat)

Question 6

Chamydophila psittaci

Answer 6

Pstitacosis (“bird with clam shell sitting on skin)

- transmitted by parrots or other birds

Question 7

Coxiella burnetti

Answer 7

Q fever

- aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid

Question 8

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Answer 8

Ehrlichiosis

- transmitted by Lone Star Tick

Question 9

Francisella tularensis

Answer 9

Tularemia (site specific infection + lymphadenopathy)

- transmitted by ticks, rabbits, deer fly

Question 10

Leptospira spp

Answer 10

Leptospirosis

- transmitted by animal urine

Question 11

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 11

Leprosy

- transmitted by armadillos and humans with lepromatous leprosy

Question 12

Pasteurella multocida

Answer 12

Cellulitis, Osteomyelitis

- transmitted by animal bite, cat, dogs

Question 13

Ricksettia prowazekii

Answer 13

Endemic typhus

-transmitted by louse

Question 14

Ricksettia ricksetti

Answer 14

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

- transmitted by Dermacentor tick bite

Question 15

Ricksettia typhi

Answer 15

Endemic typhus

- transmitted by fleasq

Question 16

Yersinia pestis

Answer 16

Plague (fever, dark skin patches, regional lymphadenopathy)

-transmitted by fleas (rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs)

Question 17

Gardenerella vaginalis

Answer 17

Pleomorphic gram-variable rod causes vaginosis

• gray vaginal discharge with fishy smell, non-painful
• associated with sexual activity, but not STD
• characterized by overgrowth of certain bacteria
• Clue cells or vaginal epithelial cells covered iwth bacteria

Question 18

Tx for Gardenerella vaginalis

Answer 18

Metronidazole

Question 19

Treatment for all rickettsial disease

Answer 19

Doxycycline

Question 20

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 20

• caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
• found broadly in US
• RASH typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spread s to trunk, palms, and soles.

Question 21

Rickettsiae

Answer 21

• obligate intracellular organisms that need CoA and NAD+

Question 22

Palm and sole rashes are seen in which disease?

Answer 22

“you drive CARS using your ‘palms’ and ‘soles’”

Coxsackievirus
A infection (hand, foot, and mouth disease)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Dever
Syphillis

Question 23

Ehrlichiosis

Answer 23

• tick borne disease
• monocytes with morula (berry-like inclusions) in cytoplasm
• NO RASH

Question 24

Anaplasmosis

Answer 24

-tick borne disease
Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm
- NO RASH

Question 25

Q fever

Answer 25

- caused by Coxiella burnetti - transmitted by tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - Present as pneumonia (NO RASH)

Question 26

Chlamydiae

Answer 26

cannot make their own ATP | obligate intracellular organims tha cause mucosal infections

Question 27

Lab diagnosis of Chlamydiae:

Answer 27

Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antbody-stained smear.

Question 28

Feature unusual about chlamydiae cell wall

Answer 28

Lacks muramic acid

Question 29

Two forms of chalmydiae

Answer 29

Elementary body | Reticulate body

Question 30

Elementary body (chlamydiae)

Answer 30

- infectious and enters cell via endocytosis

Question 31

Reticulate body (chlamydiae)

Answer 31

- replicates in cell by FISSION; forms seen on tissue culture

Question 32

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Answer 32

- causes reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, and PID

Question 33

C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci

Answer 33

- cause atypical pneumonia | - transmitted by azithromycin

Question 34

Treatment of Chlamydiae

Answer 34

Azithromycin (favored because one time treatment) or doxycycline

Question 35

Chlamydia trachomatis serotype: A, B, and C

Answer 35

Chronic infection, cause blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa ABC = Africa/Blindness/Chronic Infection

Question 36

Chlamydia trachomatic serotype: D-K

Answer 36

Urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (stacatto cough), or neonatal conjunctivitis

Question 37

C. trachomatis serotype: L1, L2, and L3

Answer 37

Lymphogranuloma venereum - starts as painless sore and then migrates to lymph nodes

Question 38

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 38

Classic cause of "walking" pneumonia (insiduous onset, headache, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate) X ray: looks worse than patient High titer of COLD agglutinins (IgM), which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs. Grown on Eaton's agar

Question 39

Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 39

Macrolide or or Fluoroquiniolone (penicillin ineffective since Mycoplasma hae no cell wall)

Question 40

Fx unusual about Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 40

No cell wall. Not seen on Gram stain | Bacterial wall contains sterols for stability

Question 41

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - popular in what population

Answer 41

"Walking pneumoniae" in patients < 30 years old | - Frequent outbreaks in military recruits and prisons