Microbiology - Zoonotic Bacteria Flashcards
Bartonella spp
- Cat scratch disease
- transmitted by cat scratch
Borrelia burgdoferi
- Lyme disease
- transmitted by Ixodes tick (liver on deer and mice)
Borrelia recurrentis
- Recurrent fever
- transmitted by louse (recurrent due to variable surface antigens)
Brucella spp
Brucellosis/ undulent fever
- transmitted by unpasteurized dairy (e.g. goat cheese/milk)
Campylobacter
- Bloody diarrhea
- transmitted by puppies, livestock (fecal-oral, ingestion of undercooked meat)
Chamydophila psittaci
Pstitacosis (“bird with clam shell sitting on skin)
- transmitted by parrots or other birds
Coxiella burnetti
Q fever
- aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Ehrlichiosis
- transmitted by Lone Star Tick
Francisella tularensis
Tularemia (site specific infection + lymphadenopathy)
- transmitted by ticks, rabbits, deer fly
Leptospira spp
Leptospirosis
- transmitted by animal urine
Mycobacterium leprae
Leprosy
- transmitted by armadillos and humans with lepromatous leprosy
Pasteurella multocida
Cellulitis, Osteomyelitis
- transmitted by animal bite, cat, dogs
Ricksettia prowazekii
Endemic typhus
-transmitted by louse
Ricksettia ricksetti
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- transmitted by Dermacentor tick bite
Ricksettia typhi
Endemic typhus
- transmitted by fleasq
Yersinia pestis
Plague (fever, dark skin patches, regional lymphadenopathy)
-transmitted by fleas (rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs)
Gardenerella vaginalis
Pleomorphic gram-variable rod causes vaginosis
- gray vaginal discharge with fishy smell, non-painful
- associated with sexual activity, but not STD
- characterized by overgrowth of certain bacteria
- Clue cells or vaginal epithelial cells covered iwth bacteria
Tx for Gardenerella vaginalis
Metronidazole
Treatment for all rickettsial disease
Doxycycline
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
- found broadly in US
- RASH typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spread s to trunk, palms, and soles.
Rickettsiae
- obligate intracellular organisms that need CoA and NAD+
Palm and sole rashes are seen in which disease?
“you drive CARS using your ‘palms’ and ‘soles’”
Coxsackievirus
A infection (hand, foot, and mouth disease)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Dever
Syphillis
Ehrlichiosis
- tick borne disease
- monocytes with morula (berry-like inclusions) in cytoplasm
- NO RASH
Anaplasmosis
-tick borne disease
Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm
- NO RASH
Q fever
- caused by Coxiella burnetti
- transmitted by tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols
- Present as pneumonia (NO RASH)
Chlamydiae
cannot make their own ATP
obligate intracellular organims tha cause mucosal infections
Lab diagnosis of Chlamydiae:
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antbody-stained smear.
Feature unusual about chlamydiae cell wall
Lacks muramic acid
Two forms of chalmydiae
Elementary body
Reticulate body
Elementary body (chlamydiae)
- infectious and enters cell via endocytosis
Reticulate body (chlamydiae)
- replicates in cell by FISSION; forms seen on tissue culture
Chlamydiae trachomatis
- causes reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, and PID
C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci
- cause atypical pneumonia
- transmitted by azithromycin
Treatment of Chlamydiae
Azithromycin (favored because one time treatment) or doxycycline
Chlamydia trachomatis serotype: A, B, and C
Chronic infection, cause blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
ABC = Africa/Blindness/Chronic Infection
Chlamydia trachomatic serotype: D-K
Urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (stacatto cough), or neonatal conjunctivitis
C. trachomatis serotype: L1, L2, and L3
Lymphogranuloma venereum - starts as painless sore and then migrates to lymph nodes
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Classic cause of “walking” pneumonia
(insiduous onset, headache, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate)
X ray: looks worse than patient
High titer of COLD agglutinins (IgM), which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs. Grown on Eaton’s agar
Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Macrolide or or Fluoroquiniolone (penicillin ineffective since Mycoplasma hae no cell wall)
Fx unusual about Mycoplasma pneumoniae
No cell wall. Not seen on Gram stain
Bacterial wall contains sterols for stability
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - popular in what population
“Walking pneumoniae” in patients < 30 years old
- Frequent outbreaks in military recruits and prisons
