Renal stuff

Question 1

Associations of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer 1

AA, Hispanic, obese, HIV, heroin

Question 2

Associations of membranous nephropathy

Answer 2

Adenocarcinoma, NSAIDs, HepB, SLE

Question 3

Associations of membranoproliferative nephropathy

Answer 3

HebB&C, lipodystrophy

Question 4

Associations of minimal change disease

Answer 4

NSAIDs, lymphoma

Question 5

Associations of IgA nephropathy

Answer 5

URI

Question 6

Presentation of IgA nephropathy

Answer 6

Hematuria after an URI and a latent period between infection and onset of disease. Serum complement normal.

Question 7

Presentation of poststrep GN

Answer 7

10-20 days after strep throat or skin infection. Hematuria, HTN, red cell casts, and mild proteinuria.

Question 8

Presentation of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 8

Fever rash and arthralgia (penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfas). Peripheral eosinophilia, hematuria, sterile pyuria and eosinophiluria. WBC casts possible.

Question 9

Presentation of membranoproliferative GN

Answer 9

Hematuria and low complement.

Question 10

Pathophysiology of Type 1 renal tubular acidosis and lab findings.

Answer 10

Distal; poor H secretion into urine. Urine pH > 5.5, serum K low-normal.

Question 11

Causes of Type 1 renal tubular acidosis

Answer 11

Genetic disorders, med tox, autoimmune (Sjogrens, RA)

Question 12

Pathophys of Type 2 renal tubular acidosis and lab findings

Answer 12

(Proximal) Poor bicarb resorption. Urine pH <5.5. Serum K low-normal.

Question 13

Causes of type 2 RTA

Answer 13

Fanconi syndrome (glycosuria, phosphaturia, aminoaciduria)

Question 14

Pathophys and lab findings of type 4 RTA

Answer 14

Aldosterone resistance, urine pH <5.5, serum K high.

Question 15

Causes of type 4 RTA

Answer 15

Obstructive uropathy, CAH

Question 16

Renal vein thrombosis is a common manifestation of what renal disease?

Answer 16

Membranous glomerulopathy

Question 17

What is the presentation of renal vein thrombosis?

Answer 17

Abd pain, fever, hematuria,

Question 18

What are the five primary renal causes of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 18

FSGS, membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative GN, IgA nephropathy, MCD

Question 19

Describe pathophys of renal insufficiency 2/2 multiple myeloma

Answer 19

In 50% of pts, due to obstruction of the distal and collecting tubules by large laminated casts consisting mainly of Bence-Jones proteins. Amyloid deposition and infiltration of the kidneys by plasma cells are commonly seen.

Question 20

Describe analgesic abuse nephropathy pathophys

Answer 20

Tubulointerstitial disease characterized by focal glomerulosclerosis

Question 21

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by what?

Answer 21

Increased extracellular matrix, basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, and fibrosis –> microalbuminuria then overt nephropathy