Random medical facts to remember Flashcards
What are the criteria for initiating long-term supplemental oxygen therapy in COPD?
- Resting arterial O2 <55mmHg or pulse ox <88% on RA
2. PaO2 <59mmGh or SaO2 <89% in patients with cor pulmonate, e/o RHF, or HCT >55%
What is a common cause of refractory hypokalemia?
Hypomagnesemia
Small fiber injury in DM is characterized by what symptoms?
Positive symptoms (pain, paresthesias, allodynia)
Large fiber injury in DM is characterized by what symptoms?
Negative symptoms (numbness, loss of proprioception and vibration sense, diminished ankle reflexes)
What is ‘Cushing disease?’
ACTH-producing pituitary tumor
What are burr cells?
Aka eichinocytes. Liver disease and ESRD. Serrated edges.
What are Spurr cells?
Aka acanthocytes. Liver disease. Spaced projections.
What anti-anginal med is contraindicated in cocaine use and why?
Beta blockers - unopposed alpha adrenergic stimulation may constrict vessels and worsen angina. Use benzos instead.
How does congenital syphilis present?
Rhinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin lesions. Later findings are interstitial keratitis, Hutchinson teeth, saddle nose, saber shins, deafness, and CNS involvement.
Which beta blockers are non-selective?
Propanolol, Nadolol, Sotalol, Timolol
Which beta blockers are cardio-selective?
Metoprolol, Atenolol
What is the galactomannan assay?
Serum biomarkers for cell wall components of aspergillosis
What is the treatment of mild hypovolemic hypernatremia?
5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
What is the treatment of severe hypovolemic hypernatremia?
Normal saline
How does one test for acute porphyria?
Elevated urine porphobilinogen
How does disseminated gonococcal infection present?
Purulent monoarthritis and/or triad of tenosynovitis, dermatitis, and asymmetric migratory polyarthralgias
What is the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria?
Glucose + heme
What is Reye syndrome?
Peds aspirin during flu or varicella infection. Acute liver failure, encephalopathy, elevated AST, ALT, PT, INR, PTT, ammonia. Tx is supportive.
What is adjuvant therapy?
Treatment in addition to standard therapy.
What is consolidation therapy?
Given after induction therapy with multi drug regimens to further reduce tumor burden
What is neo-adjuvant therapy?
Treatment given before standard therapy for a particular disease
What is salvage therapy?
Treatment for a given disease when standard therapy fails
What are three common lab findings of primary adrenal insufficiency?
Hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, eosinophilia
Which meds have been shown to improve survival in pts with LV systolic dysfunction?
Beta blockers, ACE-Is or ARBS, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
What are the lab findings of tumor lysis syndrome?
Hypocalciuria, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia
When is low molecular weight heparin contraindicated?
ESRD patients; use unfractionated heparin instead
How does galactokinase deficiency present?
Cataracts
