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Pathophysiology 2 > Renal Structure and Function > Flashcards

Renal Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Cortex

A

Outer portion of the kidney (between capsule and medulla). EPO made here

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2
Q

What structures does the cortex contain

A

Renal corpuscles and renal tubules (no loop of henle)

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3
Q

Medulla

A

Innermost section of kidney made up of pyramids.

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4
Q

What structures are in medulla

A

Loop of henle, collecting tubule, responsible for salt and H20 reabsorption

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5
Q

pyramids

A

conical structures that make up medulla

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6
Q

Minor calyces

A

extension of renal pyramids, urine comes into here once filtered

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7
Q

Major calyces

A

2 or 3 minor calyces join together to form a major calyx

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8
Q

Renal pelvis

A

final collecting area of urine before it goes into ureter, receives it from the major calyces

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9
Q

Renal interstitium

A

Tissue surrounding the loop of henle, important in water reabsorption by building up high hypertonicity, draws water out of descending limb

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10
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Brings blood into the glomerulus

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11
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

Takes blood away from the glomerulus

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12
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

Space around the glomerulus that filters the fluid before going into the tubules.

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13
Q

Glomerulus

A

Bundle (compact ball) of interconnected capillary loops involved in filtration of the blood to form urine. In cortex

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14
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Bowmans capsule + glomerulus + Macula densa (portion of ascending limb) + afferent/efferent arterioles, in cortex

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15
Q

Convoluted tubule

A

Long unbranching tube which connects from glomerulus to collecting duct

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16
Q

Where is the proximal tubule located

A

In the cortex

17
Q

Function of proximal tubule

A

First part of urine filtration as it leaves glomerulus. Responsible for major (5/6) NaCl and H20 reabsorption

18
Q

Distal tubule

A

After ascending loop of henle and before collecting tube. Where a lot of K+ is reabsorbed

19
Q

Descending loop of Henle

A

Follows the proximal tubule.

20
Q

Where is loop of Henle located

A

In the medulla

21
Q

What is the descending loop of henle permeable to

A

Water, not solutes

22
Q

Ascending loop of Henle

A

After hairpin loop, goes from thin to thick.

23
Q

What is the ascending loop Henle permeable to

A

Solutes, not water

24
Q

Collecting duct

A

Final segment of nephron, regulated by ADH.

25
Q

What does ADH do to the collecting duct

A

Opens aquaporins to allow mass amounts of water reabsorption

26
Q

Vasa Recta

A

Vascular bundles that remove interstitial fluid from around the loop of henle after the urine has been filtered

27
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

Urine formation begins at glomerulus. With bulk of fluid arising at glomerular capillaries - flows into bowmans capsule

28
Q

Characteristics of Filtrate once inside bowman capsule

A

Filtrate will be free of large proteins (albumin, globulins)

29
Q

What types of substances can pass across glomerulus

A
  1. Small organic solutes

2. Inorganic ions - Na, Cl, HCO3

30
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

Moving substances from the lumen of the tubule back into epithelial tissue

31
Q

Tubular secretion

A

Moving substances from the interstitial tissue into the lumen of the tubules

32
Q

How much filtrate is made every day

A

180L

33
Q

GFR

A

Volume of filtrate formed per unit of time. Decreases with age

34
Q

How do you evaluate GFR

A

Concentration of compounds in urine can be measured over a period of time and compared to plasma concentration.

35
Q

what does it mean if creatinine is high

A

Means the kidney is not functioning properly/ decreased GFR.

36
Q

Where is the feedback site in the nephron

A

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

37
Q

What are the excretory functions of the kidney

A
  1. Excrete waste products like hormones, drugs

2. Excrete urea, creatinine - creatinine clearance

38
Q

What are the non-excretory functions of the kidney

A
  1. Regulators of salt content (ECF)
  2. Regulation of salt concentration of the body
  3. Regulations of potassium balance
  4. Acid base balance
  5. Mineral bone metabolism
  6. Endocrine gland (secrete EPO)

Pathophysiology 2 (8 decks)

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