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Pathophysiology 2 > Hematopoiesis II: Bone Marrow > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis II: Bone Marrow Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the majority of RBC production during gestation

A

Starts in yolk sac but through most of gestation it occurs in the liver

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2
Q

At birth, where is the majority of RBC production

A

In the red bone marrow

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3
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in adults

A

bone marrow(yellow), comes from ribs, vertebra, sternum, femur

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4
Q

Myeloid tissue

A

Hemopoietic tissue that gives rise to erythrocytes, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. and is found in red bone marrow

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5
Q

Lymphoid tissue

A

Site of lymphocytes production. Found in marrow but also in the thymus. Starts in bone marrow, matures in thymus. Makes B and T cells

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6
Q

3 stages of blood cell renewal

A
  1. Quiescence
  2. Activation
  3. Proliferation
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7
Q

Pluripotential stem cell

A

Embryonic stem cell, that gives rise to either myeloid or lymphoid cells which then causes differentiation

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8
Q

Multi potential cell

A

Adult stem cells, same as pluripotent. Gives rise to all other hematopoietic cells. Apparently more limited than pluripotent cells

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9
Q

Progenitor cell

A

Parent cell of each subtype, like a stem cell in that it can form into different cells (myeloid/lymphoid)

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10
Q

Precursor cell

A

Stage of blood cell growth that comes just before a mature cell. At this point it is unipotent and has lost most of its stem cell qualities.

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11
Q

Colony forming cell

A

Aka colony forming unit (CFU). Cells are able to divide and differentiate into a colony (stem cells)

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12
Q

Blood cell renewal

A

When HSC divide, one of the 2 daughter cells remains an HSC which allows for the body to maintain HSC for future use to make more progenitor cells

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13
Q

What is the progenitor and precursor cell for platelets

A

Progenitor =Megakaryoblast

Precursor = Megakaryocyte

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14
Q

What happens to the bone marrow in adults

A

Most of it changes to yellow marrow

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15
Q

What is the progenitor and precursor cell for RBC

A

Progenitor = proerythroblast

Precursor =Reticulocyte

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16
Q

What is the progenitor and precursor cell for Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils

A 
Progenitor = Myeloblast
Precursor = metamyelocyte, then they from band cells (immature WBC)
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17
Q

What is the progenitor and precursor cell for monocyte

A

Progenitor =myeloblast

Precursor = promonocyte

18
Q

What is the progenitor and precursor cell for B and T cells

A 
Progenitor = lymphoblast
Precursor = prolymphocyte
19
Q

What do you call a monocyte when it leaves blood and enters the interstitial space

A

Macrophage

20
Q

What is granulopoiesis

A

The formation of granulocytes (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils)

21
Q

Where does production of granulocytes occur

A

In the bone marrow

22
Q

What controls granulocyte production

A

Hematopoietic growth factors (like interleukins) that influence the myeloblast

23
Q

Steps of production in granulopoiesis (cell names)

A

1.Myeloid
2.Myeloblast
3. Promyelocyte
4. Myelocyte
5. Metamyelocyte
Then B, E, N

24
Q

What is the formation of platelets called

A

Thrombopoiesis

25
Q

What is the precursor for platelets

A

Megakaryocyte

26
Q

How does thrombopoiesis happen

A

Megakaryoblast goes through several cycles of DNA replication before undergoing cell division. This allows for cytoplasm to build up during the formation of megakaryocyte. Cytoplasm breaks off to form platelets

27
Q

EPO

A

Is a growth factor that stimulates RBC production (hormone). produced by the kidney

28
Q

What effect does anemia have on erythropoeisis

A

Increases RBC production because the tissue requires more oxygen then it is receive. This stimulates the kidneys to release EPO

29
Q

What effect does high altitude have on erythropoeisis

A

Increases RBC production because hemoglobin transports oxygen less efficiently at high altitudes (so the tissues have less O2). Stimulates EPO

30
Q

What is lymphopoeisis

A

The formation of T or B lymphocytes

31
Q

Steps of lymphopoeisis

A
  1. Lymphoid stem cell
  2. Lymphoblast
  3. Prolymphocyte
  4. Lymphocyte
32
Q

Where does lymphopoeisis occur

A

Starts in bone marrow, then either remains in bone marrow or goes to thymus

33
Q

Monocyte formation

A
  1. Myeloid stem cell
  2. Myeloblast
  3. Monoblast
  4. Promonocyte
  5. Monocytes (becomes macrophage in tissue)
34
Q

What is erythropoiesis

A

The formation of RBC

35
Q

Steps of erythropoiesis

A
  1. Myeloid stem cell
  2. Proerythroblast
  3. Basophilic erythroblast
  4. Orthochromatic erythroblast
  5. Polychromatic erythrocyte (reticulocyte)
  6. Erythrocyte
36
Q

What happens to the chromatin during erythropoiesis

A

It condenses

37
Q

What happens to the Cell size during erythropoiesis

A

It shrinks

38
Q

What happens to the nucleus during erythropoiesis

A

It shrinks and is completely eliminated by the end

39
Q

What happens to the cytoplasm during erythropoiesis

A

Decrease in mRNA and increase in hemoglobin

40
Q

How is erythropoiesis controlled

A 
By EPO (erythropoietin) 
As O2 levels fall in the body, the kidneys detect this and secrete the hormone EPO
41
Q

Actual steps of platelet formation

A
  1. Myeloid progenitor
  2. Megakaryoblast
  3. Promegakaryocyte
  4. Megakaryocyte
  5. Platelets

Pathophysiology 2 (8 decks)

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