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Renal System Test Block 2 > Renal Structure > Flashcards

Renal Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Renal capsule directly covers…

A

kidney

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2
Q

Renal capsule is composed of connective tissue that divides into 2 layers:

A

Fibroblast/collagen outer layer and myofibroblast inner layer

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3
Q

Renal cortex is mainly composed of…

A

fibroblast

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4
Q

Renal medullary is mainly composed of…

A

fibroblast,macrophages,pericysts and insterstitial cells

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5
Q

Renal medulla is composed of 8 to 10 coned shapped masses called…

A

Renal pyramids

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6
Q

The base of each pyramid originates at the border between …

A

cortex and medulla and terminates at the papilla (aka renal pelvis)

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7
Q

Renal blood supply starts with …

A

renal arteries

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8
Q

Renal circulation constitutes of two capillary beds…

what are those capillaries?

A

Glomerular and peritubular capillaries

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9
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

-surround renal tubules
-have low hydrostatic pressure (fluid moves from the outside to inside capillary)
-favors reabsorption

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10
Q

Glomerular capillaries

A

-have high hydrostatic pressure
-fluid moves from the inside of capillary to the outside
-favors filtration

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11
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

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12
Q

Uriniferous tubule

A

highly convuluted structure that modifies the fluid passing to form urine

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13
Q

Nephron doesn’t include…

A

connecting duct

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14
Q

Nephron branches into…

A

renal corpuscle
proximal tubule
loop of henle
distal tubule
connecting tubule

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15
Q

connecting tubule

A

short minor part linking nephron to collecting duct

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16
Q

Filtration barrier mediates passage of…

A

proteins,molecules we don’t need

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17
Q

Basal lamina consists of 3 layers:

A

lamina rara externa
lamina densa(thick layer)(consists of collagen type IV)
lamina rara interna

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18
Q

Epithelial cells that become modified to perform filtering function are called

A

podocytes

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19
Q

Podocysts manufacture …

A

glomerular endothelial growth factor

20
Q

Pedicels have a well developed glycocalyx composed of …

A

negatively charged sialoproteins, which form an electrostatic repulsion that contributes to the formation of the filtration barrier

21
Q

alfa 3 and beta 1 intergrins in plasmalemma help them to …

A

adhere to the basal lamina

22
Q

Filtration slits are..

A

are spaces that remain between adjacent pedicels after interdigitation

23
Q

Filtration slits are covered with a thin…

A

flitration slit diaphragm

24
Q

flitration slit diaphragm extend between neighboring pedicels and act as a …

A

filtration barrier

25
Q

sllit diaphragm of two neighboring pedicels bind to each other via…

A

extracytoplasmic moieties of the transmembrane proteins nephrin

26
Q

Slit diaphragm are important for maintaining..

A

glomerular permeability

27
Q

If there is a genetic mutation of nephrin…

A

nephron syndrome is produced

28
Q

Mesangial cells function is to …

A

provide support to the capillaries

29
Q

There are 2 groups of mesangial cells:

A

-Extraglomerular mesangial cells(which are located in vascular pole)(outside glomerulus
-Intraglomerular mesangial cells (pericyte like cells, located within renal corpuscle) (inside glomerulus)

30
Q

Intraglomerular mesangial cells function is…

A

phagocytic function
also collagen synthesis
important for contraction
provide physical support to capillaries of the glomerulus

31
Q

Mesangial cells synthesize …

A

interleukin 1, endothelins,platelet derived growth factor,prostaglandins E2

32
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus has three components:

A

Macula densa (of the distal tubule)
Juxtaglomerular cells(of the afferent glomerular arteriole)
Extraglomerular mesangial cells

33
Q

Function of juxtaglomerular cells is to…

A

secrete hormones (renin)

34
Q

Macula densa function is to…

A

detect changes in Na+
utilizes feedback mechanisms to regulate glomerular filtration

35
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells are…

A

smooth muscle cells located in tunica media of afferent glomerular arterioles which are richly innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers

36
Q

What happens when there is a presence of high Na+?

A

macula densa detect the high NaCl concentration via apical Na+,K+ co transporter

37
Q

Elevated filtration or reduced reabsorption of sodium and water equals…

A

higher Na at macula densa

38
Q

Proximal tubule has 2 regions:

A

Proximal convoluted tubule and Pars recta of the proximal tubule

39
Q

Bowman space drains into…

A

proximal tubule at the urinary pole

40
Q

Function of the Proximal convoluted tubule…

A

-hydroxylation of vit D and release it to the capillaries
-fibroblastic interstitial cells near proximal tubules produce erythropoietin

41
Q

Henle Loop divides into:

A

descending thin limb= highly permeable to water and moderately permeable to urea
ascending thick limb= not permeable to either water or urea(manufactures Tamm Horsfall protein uromodulin which impedes formation of kidney stones and decreases chances of urinary tract infections)

42
Q

Distal convoluted tubule rate of Na+ reabsorption is regulated by…

A

Aldosterone from Adrenal glands

43
Q

Distal convoluted tubule is impermeable to …

A

water and to urea

44
Q

In response to hormone aldosteron, the distal convoluted tubule …

A

actively reabsorbs almost all of the remaining sodium from the lumen of the tubule into renal interstitium

45
Q

K+ and hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the lumen thus…

A

controlling body’s extracellular fluid K+ levels and controlling the acidity of the urine

46
Q

Distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons join to form…

A

short connecting tubule that eventually leads to form the collecting tubule

47
Q

Cortical collecting tubules have 2 types of cuboidal cells…

A

principal cells(light cells)=site of action of the ADH (aka antidiuretic hormone)
intercalated cells(dark cells)= help maintain acid and base balance. Have type alfa cells and beta cells

type alfa cells = acidify urine
type beta cells= make urine less acidic

Renal System Test Block 2 (4 decks)

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