Embriology of UT Flashcards by Adriana Ramirez

Urinary System starts developing on…

Week 4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

intermediate mesoderm forms…

urogenital ridges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Urogenital ridges will give rise to …

urinary and genital system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nephrogenic cord

part of the urogenital ridge, which is what develops into the urinary structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nephrogenic cord divides into:

pronephros, mesonephros,metanephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pronephros

-appears at the 4th week
-degenerates by end of week 4
-has a pronephric duct and nephrotome
-first system that appears
-does not play any major role in kidney formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mesonephros

-appears between 4-6 weeks
-develop capillary system
-starts filtration of the kidney
-contains mesonephric ducts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metanephros

-around 12 weeks
-kidney functions normally

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure that gives the indication for the formation of the urinary system

Pronephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure that appears at the beginning of the 4th week and disappears by the end of the 4th week …

Pronephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure that appears in the early weeks of 4week after pronephros has disappeared…

Mesonephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure where the first excretory tubules appear and form the S-Shaped Loop…

Mesonephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure that acquires a collection of capillaries…

Mesonephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capillaries form glomerulus and around the glomerulus the tubules form…

Bowmans capsule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glomerulus + Bowmans capsule form…

Renal Corpuscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure that produces the excretion/reabsorption portion of the kidney but it is still not a functional kidney…

Mesonephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mesonephric or Wolffian Duct

tubule that enters collecting duct and has bowmans capsule, glomerulus and capillaries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the middle of the second month, mesonephros forms a large ovoid organ on each side of the midline

thus developing…

Gonads

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ridges formed by mesonephros that help in the developing of the gonads is …

Urogenital ridges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure that develops the complete kidney and appears at week 5…

Metanephros

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metanephros is also known as the…

Permanent kidney

Structure appears at week 5 and is completely functional at week 12…

Metanephros

Metanephros contains 2 types of systems:

Collecting system and excretory system

Collecting system (from metanephros)…

-develops from the ureteric bud
-its an outgrowth of the mesonephric duct close to the cloaca
-penetrates the metanephric tissue

Excretory system(from metanephros)...

-S shaped tubules(collecting tubules) + renal vesicle (glomeruli) = excretory system or nephrons

Continous lenghtening of the excretory tubule results in formation of the ...

Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule

Which position is better to put kidney in a kidney transplant?

Left Side, because body has some kind of recollection of when kidney was first developed

Blood stream enters kidneys through...

Afferent and efferent arterioles

Metanephric mesoderm provides...

excretory units

Ureteric bud gives rise to...

Collecting system

Differentiation of the kidney involves Epithelial-Mesenchymal interaction... so it involves interaction between?

Epithelium of uteric bud(From mesonephros) + Mesenchyme (From metanephros blastema)

Mesenchyme (from Metanephros) expresses, what transcriptional factor?

WT1

WT1...

Regulates production of glial derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by the mesenchyme thus stimulating ... branching and growth of the ureteric buds also... makes the Mesenchyme (from Metanephros blastema) competent to respond to the induction by the uteric bud

Epithelium of the uteric buds synthesize... Tyrosine Kinase Receptors

RET for GDNF MET for HGF

Uteric buds induce mesenchyme via ...

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7)

FGF2 and BMP7 block...

Apoptosis and stimulate proliferation in metanephric mesenchyme while maintaining production of WT1

Uteric buds also express WNT9B and WNT6 which upregulate...

PAX2 and WNT4 in metanephric mesenchyme

WNT9B and WNT6 mediates conversion of mesenchyme to ....

epithelium for nephron formation

Anomalies in Number...

Renal agenesis= uteric bud fails to contact metanephric mesoderm (doesnt generate kidney) Duplications= ureteric bud splits early before reaching metanephric mesoderm(Born eith 3 kidneys) Ectopic ureters=two ureteric buds arise from mesonephric duct (1 kidney with 2 ureters, prone to having stones)

Anomalies in Kidney Ascent...

can be seen through ultrasound before birth and is related to females with turner syndrome When kidney fails to ascend properly and its location become ectopic.

Horseshoe kidney

when inferior poles of the kidney fuse together and ascent is stopped by inferior mesenteric artery

Kidney can also fuse to the contralateral pole and ascend to the opposite side, which results...

in a cross-fused ectopy

Anomalies in Position..

Mal rotated kidney Calyces can face anteriorly instead of posteriorly which causes... obstruction of urine passing through thus causes.. inadequate drainage leading to infection or stone formation

Polycystic Kidneys...

parenchyma of the kidney covered in cysts

Wilms tumor

Tumor in lower end of kidney ans is the #1 kidney tumor in children

Bladder and urethra forms during...

4th and 7th week

Cloaca divides into ...

urogenital sinus(anteriorly) and anal canal(posteriorly)

Cloaca divides into urogenital sinus and anal canal through...

urorectal septum

If urorectal septum doesn't completely separate urogenital sinus and anal canal, it leads to...

Fistula

Urogenital sinus divides into...

Bladder Pelvic part= gives rise to the prostatic and membranous parts of urethra (prostate gland is produced) Phallic part

In Males urogenital sinus divides into...

upper portion= becomes bladder middle portion=becomes prostate and prostatic urethra phallic portion=becomes penile urethra

In Females urogenital sinus divides into...

upper portion= becomes bladder middle portion=becomes inferior vagina phallic portion=connects with paramesonephric ducts