Anatomy of Urinary Tract Flashcards
Where are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneal space
Kidneys are located between vertebrates…
T12 and L3
What are the retroperitoneal organs?
SAD PUKER
S- suprarenal
A-aorta
D-duodenum
P-pancreas
U-ureter
C-colon
K-kidneys
E-esophagus
R-rectum
Kidney’s are surrounded by 3 connective tissue…
What are those 3 connective tissue?
Renal Fascia( Fascia de Gerota)
Adipose Capsule (Fat layer)
Renal Capsule (Suprarenal gland or adrenal gland)
What are the function of each 3 connective tissue layer?
Renal Fascia- Protection(dense CT)
Adipose Capsule- cushioning kidney’s
Renal Capsule- Protection of trauma to kidney or any infection (fibrous sac made of dense CT)
Renal Parenchyma consists of…
cortex region(outer cortex and jucta cortex) and medulla region(has renal pyramids)
Hilus is formed of….
renal arteries
renal veins
lymphatics
renal pelvis
renal nerves
Renal Pelvis
consists of the union of minor calyx and union of mayor calyx. Has direct connection to the ureter
What else can you find in the hilium region?
Adipose fat
Major/minor calyx and renal pelvis drain into…
drain urine into the ureter
Renal Artery
Rises from…
lateral branch of the abdominal aorta
Renal Artery divides into…
Right and Left renal artery.
Right=is longer and passes posteriorly to inferior vena cava
Left=arises higher than the right
When each renal artery approaches the hilium , it divides into…
posterior and anterior branches
Posterior and Anterior branches of renal arteries supply…
renal parenchyma
Posterior and Anterior branches of renal arteries now divide into…
segmental arteries (5)
1. Superior apical Segmental artery
2. Anterior Superior Segmental artery
3.Anterior Inferior Segmental artery
4.Posterior Segmental artery
5.Inferior Segmental artery
Segmental arteries branch out into…
interlobar arteries
interlobar arteries arise from…
medulla portion
but… can also reach part of the cortex(face renal pyramids)
Interlobar arteries branch into…
arcuate arteries
arcuate arteries arise from…
junction of the cortex and medulla region
arcuate arteries now branch into…
cortical (interlobular) arteries
cortical (interlobular) arteries reach…
afferent arterioles
Renal veins divide into…
Right Renal Vein and Left Renal Vein
Renal veins are located anteriorly to….
arteries
Blood Supply to Kidney will be provided by…
Renal arteries
Bladder will be supplied mainly by…
Superior vesical arteries and inferior vesical arteries
Superior vesical arteries and inferior vesical arteries are derived from …
internal illiac artery and supplemented by obturator and gluteal arteries
Females contain additional branches/vesicles because….
they are part of the uterine and vaginal artery branches
Lymphatic capillaries form…
plexus
Lympatic plexus divide into 3…
around renal tubules,under renal capsule and in perirenal fat
Lymphatic plexus will be located in…
what layer ?
adventitia layer
Kidney innervation is through….
Sympathetic innervation
Sympathetic innervation to Kidney starts…
T10-L2
Parasympathetic innervation to Kidney starts in…
S2-S4
Part of the efferent messages in innervation will be transmitted through… what nerve?
Vagus Nerve
What does Sympathetic innervation do to the bladder?
Fills up the bladder
What does Parasympathetic innervation do to the bladder?
Relaxes/empties bladder
Ureters are…
muscular tubules that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Narrowest parts of ureter consist on 3 portions…
First constriction: uteropelvic junction
Second constriction: pelvic inlet(contain illiac arteries)
Third constriction: entrance to urinary bladder
Narrowst parts of ureter are common places for…
Renal Stones
Men ureter passes posteriorly to…
testicular arteries and ductus deferens
Blood supply to men ureter has different branches….
Renal branch
Gonadal branch
Common illiac branch
Superior vesical branch
Women ureter passes under…
uterine artery
Women urethra is associated with…
2 para urethral mucous glands known as SKENE’s Glands
Men urethra divides into…
prostatic, membranous and spongy
Men vs Women urethra… measurement?
Women urethra=4cm (short)
Men urethra= 20cm (long)
