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Renal/ Repro/ endo blood Flashcards

1
Q

anemia in baby pigs can be treated by the administration of ___

A

iron

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2
Q

a 10 yr old cocker spaniel is brought to the veterinary clinic with PU/PD and mild anemia. What is the potential cause of these signs, and what may be used to treat the anemia?

A

Chronic Renal failure ; EPO erythropoietin

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3
Q

why are hemantinics not indicated for cases of acute blood loss?

A

Don’t occur quick enough

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4
Q

what is the anticoagulant of choice for collecting blood for hematologic studies?

A

EDTA

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5
Q

how can you explain the fact that clots may form in the vascular system with no external trauma to blood vessels?

A

the existence of an intrinsic clotting mechanism

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6
Q

you have accidentally cut the quick of a rottweiler puppy’s nail. what would you use to stop the bleeding?
How does this agent work?

A

silver nitrate stick
coagulates blood proteins

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7
Q

a 3 month old chow is brought to the pet emergency clinic because t has eaten a box of rat poison. What drug would the Vet use to treat this condition?
By what route would it be administered ?

A

Vitamin K ;
SC or IM

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8
Q

an 8 year old male Persian cat is brought to the veterinary clinic with an early onset of apparent rear leg paralysis and tachycardia. What agent may be used to treat this condition?

A

Fribrinolytic agent

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9
Q

Cardiomyopathy is a potential side effect of what anti neoplastic agent

A

Doxorubican

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10
Q

Briefly describe the phases of the cell cycle and what happens in each

A

G0; resting
G1; presynthesis preparation
S1; Dna and synthesis
G2; RNA production
M1; Mitosis

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11
Q

List the sex categories of anti neoplastic drugs and an example for each

A

Alklating agents ; Cyclophosphamide
anthracyclines; doxorubican
antimetabolities; methotrexate
antitubulin agents; vinblastine
corticosteroids; prednisone
miscellaneous agents; cisplatin

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12
Q

list 4 indications for the use of immunosuppresive agents

A

Treats autoimmune hemolytic anemia, lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis , rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosis

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13
Q

A 12 yr old Lab retriever has been through a treatment protocol for lymphoma, and the owner has opted for the use of a BRM. What agent could be used in this case?

A

Canine Lymphoma monoclonal antibody

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14
Q

why should you be very careful to avoid extravasation of anti neoplastic drugs?

A

Because most are irritating to tissue; can cause sloughing

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15
Q

where in the body is EPO produced?

A

Kidney

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16
Q

____ digests fibrin threads and other clotting products to cause clot lysis and the release of fibrin degradation products into the circulation

A

Plasmin

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17
Q

Which anticoagulant may be used to treat DIC?

A

Heparin

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18
Q

Why should heparin not be used as an anticoagulant when blood is collected for performance of a differential count ?

A

May mess up WBC, makes Identifying difficult

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19
Q

How does EDTA work as an anticoagulant?

A

Binds with calcium

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20
Q

What are some potential adverse side effects associated with the use of anti neoplastic drugs?

A

Anaphylactic reactions, immunosuppresions, cystitis, pain with administration, tissue damage, V/D, hair loss

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21
Q

on what dosage are most antineoplastic agents based on?

A

Body surface area

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22
Q

Corticosteroids have lympholytic action, which makes them useful for treating

A

lymphoid neoplasia

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23
Q

a substance with antitumor, antiviral, and immunoregulatory effects is ____

A

Interferon

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24
Q

Erythrocytes are formed in the ____ in response to stimulation by epo

A

bone marrow

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25
the primary function of erythrocytes is to ____
carry O2 to the tissues
26
_____ are used to prevent or treat anemia
Hemantinics
27
what are three examples of androgens ?
Winstrol- V , Equipose, and deca-durabolin
28
the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation do not coverage into common pathway in the final steps of clot formation because the endothelial layer of blood vessels has the ability to regenerate itself. T/F
False
29
A heparin flush solution may be prepare by diluting heparin in saline at a concentration of ___
5 U / mL
30
Heparin test tubes have a ____ Top
green
31
Vitamin ___ is an antidote for warfarin or dicumarol toxicity
K1
32
Fluorouracil is contraindicated in ___ because of adverse side effects
felines
33
describe the relationship between hormonal releasing factors, trophic hormones and the hormones produced by specific tissues or glands.
Releasing factors are messengers by the hypothalamus in response to its detection of hormone levels in the blood. They send messages to the pituitary to stimulate this gland to manufacture throphic hormones. TH, stimulate a specific tissue or gland to produce specific hormone
34
list the major endocrine glands
Pituitary thyroid ovaries testicles adrenals pancreas
35
what are the reasons for using hormonal therapy in veterinary medicine
to obtain the desired effect and correct a deficiency
36
endogenous hormones are those that are produced ____ whereas exogenous come from _____ mechanism
in the body ; external
37
where is the pituitary gland located and what is its function ?
located at the hypothalamus of the brain; controls activity of other endocrine glands
38
the release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary is controlled through the ____ mechanism
neurohormonal reflex
39
GnRH is classified as a/an
Gonadotropin
40
List three potential uses of the postglandins in veterinary medicine
estrus synchronization induce abortion induce estrus
41
human skin contact or injection with prostaglandins can be a serious health risk to ____ women and individuals with _____
pregnant ; asthma
42
before oxytocin can exert its effects on the uterus, the uterus must first be primed by ____ and _____
estrogen and progesterone
43
what precautions should be taken before oxytocin can be administered ?
repro tract examined for blockage or torsion verify cervix has dilated
44
what 2 active hormones are produced by the thyroid gland ?
T3 and T4
45
List two drugs used in the treatment of hypothyroidism
soloxine and synthroid
46
list three major classes of insulin and examples
1. short acting ; Lispro , aspart 2. Intermediate acting ; NPH, Lente 3. Long acting; detemir, glargine
47
Which form of insulin is used in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis ?
Regular (short acting insulin)
48
Which forms of insulin must be re-suspended before administration ?
NPH / PZI and lente
49
What are some signs of insulin overdose?
Weakness, shaking, ataxia, seizures
50
growth promoters generally should not be used in animals intended for ____
breeding purposes
51
why are anabolic steroids classified as controlled substances?
potential abuse from human athletes
52
which insulin product should be shaken thoroughly prior to use?
Vetsulin
53
What precautions should be taken by pregnant women when regu mate is administered ?
Wear gloves and avoid getting on skin
54
why was synthetic DES banned from use in food producing animals ?
Linked to cervical cancer in women
55
Prostaglandin causes lysis of the __ at the end of pregnancy or at the end of diestrus if pregnancy does not occur
Corpus luteum
56
endometrium lines the ____
uterus
57
a ____ hormone is one that results in the production of a second hormone within a target gland
trophic
58
GnRH is produced in the _____
hypothalamus
59
list 3 examples of gonadotropins
Cystorelin, factrel, Fertagyl
60
Androgen are female sex hormones produced in the ovaries, adrenal cortex and testicles.(T/F)
False ; they are male sex hormones not female
61
Prostaglandins are a group of naturally occurring, long chain fatty acids that mediate various physiologic events in the body (T/F)
True
62
____ causes uterine contractions
Oxytocin
63
Corticosteroids are produced by the ___
adrenal cortex
64
pheromones are ___ released by an animal that influence the behavior of other animals of the same species
Odors
65
Levothyroxine is used in the treatment of _____
hyperthyroidism
66
Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of circulating ____
cortisol
67
Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs may be treated with ____
Lysodren and Captopril
68
U-40 syringes have a/an ____ top
red
69
Insulin should be frozen to prolong its effectiveness (T/F)
False
70
Two Veterinary approved insulin products include ____
Vetsulin and Prozinc
71
What structures constitute the urinary system ?
2 kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
72
Name 2 drugs that are contraindicated in uremic patients
Xylazine (rompun) and Ketamine Hydrochloride (ketaset)
73
Renal damage may be categorized as a
Pre renal, renal or postrenal
74
Explain how diuretics work
Remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion
75
what supplement may be administered in conjunction with loop diuretic ?
Potassium
76
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to
Angiotensin II
77
Urinary acidifiers are used to produce acid urine, which assists in dissolving and preventing formation of ___ uroliths
struvite
78
the renal cortex produces _____ ; thus chronic renal failure can cause an absolute or relative _____ in its production
EPO; deficiency
79
where is ADH secreted ?
Posterior pituitary gland
80
the ureters ____
originate from the kidneys and connect with the urinary bladder
81
persistently high blood pressure is known as ____
hypertension
82
Diuretics are used to remove ____ fluids
extracellular
83
Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) is normally secreted by the ____ pituitary gland
posterior
84
what supplement may be administered in conjunction with loop diuretic ?
Potassium
85
Urinary acidifiers are used to produce acid urine, which assists in dissolving and preventing formation of
uroliths
86
_____ is a medical term for blood urine
Hematuria
87
what part of the kidney is responsible for the re absorption, or the secretion of certain substances
Tubules
88
patients with renal failure are at a lesser anesthetic risk than patients with normal renal function (T/F)
False

VT Pharmacology (9 decks)

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