Neurological drugs Flashcards
Cholinergic Agent
treats GI tract and urinary atony by Mimicking action of acetylcholine
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, SLUDGE
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Cholinergic Blocking Agents (Anticholinergics); pre-anesthetic to dry secretions and prevent bradycardia by blocking parasympathetic nervous system
SE: tachycardia most common
Atropine, Glycopyrrolate (Robinul-V)
Adrenergic Agents; used in cardiac and/or respiratory arrest, anaphylaxis, hemorrhage. increases heart rate and cardiac output, increase blood pressure
SE: tachycardia most common, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias
Epinephrine (Adrenalin), Norepinephrine
Phenothiazine Derivative Tranquilizer used in sedation/tranquilization; premed.
SE: hypotension, hypothermia, lower seizure threshold in epileptic animals
Caution: sedates and relieves anxiety, but does not provide analgesia
Acepromazine maleate (Promace)
Serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor alternative tranquilizer that enhance calm behavior + reduce anxiety
SE: hypotension
Trazadone
Benzodiazepine Derivatives Tranquilizer that is used for sedation, reduce anxiety, treatment of seizures, induction agent, appetite stimulant (cats)
SE: ataxia, sedation
reversed with Flumazenil
Diazepam (Valium), Midazolam (Versed),Alprazolam (Xanax), Clonazepam, Lorazepam
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist Tranquilizer used for sedation, analgesia (horses), short-term anesthesia, and induction of vomiting
reversed with Yohimbine
Adverse side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, decreased respirations
Xylazine (Rompun, Anased)
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist Tranquilizer used for chemical restraint, sedation, minor surgical procedures, induction agent
reversed with Atipamazole (Antisedan)
SE bradycardia, decreased respirations
Dexdomitor (Dexmedetomidine)
Long-Acting (8-12 hours) Barbiturate used for anticonvulsant to prevent seizures
SE: cardiac and respiratory depression
Controlled substance: Class IV
Phenobarbital
Short-Acting (45mins-1.5 hours); Barbiturate used for injectable treatment of seizures, euthanasia
Adverse side effects: cardiac and respiratory depression
Controlled substance: Class II
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Cyclohexylamine dissociative agent used for sedation, restraint, anesthesia
SE: pain at injection site, spastic jerking movements
Ketamine (Ketaset), Tiletamine (Telazol)
Naturally occurring narcotics ; opioid agonists used for analgesia, sedation, used in heart disease to decrease anxiety, bronchodilation effects
SE: Nausea/vomiting, respiratory depression or panting, thermoregulatory problems, sound sensitivity
Controlled substances: Class II
Morphine sulfate (Duramorph)
Synthetic narcotics, opioid agonist used for analgesia, sedation, cough suppression
SE: vomiting, respiratory depression or panting, thermoregulatory problems, sound sensitivity
Controlled substances: most are Class II
Butorphanol (Torbutrol, Torbugesic), Fentanyl (Duragesic), Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), Buprenorphine (Buprenex)
Opioid Antagonists used for antagonize effects of opioid agonists
SE: none common
Naloxone
Neuroleptoanalfesics ; Consists of an opioid and a tranquilizer.
Used for sedation, restraint, and anesthesia.
Innovar-Vet (fentanyl and droperidol) – only commercially available neuroleptanalgesics.
Acepromazine and morphine, Acepromazine and hypdromorphone, Xylazine and butorphanol
