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Block 19 Module 3 > Renal Protein Metabolism, Absorption and Excretion > Flashcards

Renal Protein Metabolism, Absorption and Excretion Flashcards

1
Q

4 different cells in the glomerulus

A

Glomerular endothelial cells
Podocytes
Mesangial cells
Parietal epithelial cells

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2
Q

Contraction of mesangial cells can constrict the capillary lumen which results into

A

Alteration of blood flow into the glomerular tuft influencing glomerular filtration

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3
Q

The GEC are lined by

A

Filamentous glycocalyx

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4
Q

T or F: the glomerular capillaries are heavily perforated with transcellular pores and surrounded by smooth muscles

A

False they are not surrounded by smooth muscles

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5
Q

The glomerular capillary pores are also known as

A

fenestrae

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6
Q

What is the function of fenestrae

A

It makes the glomerular capillaries efficient portals for the rapid passage of high volumes of fluid characteristic of renal filtration

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7
Q

These are fibrous lattice of negatively charged glycoproteins

A

Glycocalyx

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8
Q

This is an integral component of the GFB acting as intermediary sieving matrix

A

GBM

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9
Q

Most indispensable component of GBM

A

Type IV collagens and laminins

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10
Q

Defining feature of normal fully differentiated podocytes

A

Their cytoarchitecture that resembles the stellate body shape of an octopus

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11
Q

Neighboring podocytes are physically adjoined thru their FPs via unique intercellular junctions called the

A

SD

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12
Q

Gene that encodes a member of Ig family of cell adhesion molecules that fxns in the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney

A

NHS1, Nephrin

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13
Q

Function of the slit diaphragm

A

Ultrafilter to exclude albumin and other plasma molecules in the formation of urine

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14
Q

Mutation of NPHS1, Nephrin

A

Finnish-type congenital nephrosis 1 (severe proteinuria and loss of slit diaphragm and foot processes)

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15
Q

Gene that encodes the protein that plays a role in the regulation of glomerular permeability

A

Podocin

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16
Q

Mutations in Podocin results in

A

Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome

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17
Q

Diagnostic hallmark of a compromised GFB

A

Proteinuria (more specifically albuminuria

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18
Q

Examples of small linear or cyclic peptides

A

Angiotensin
Kinin
Vasopressin

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19
Q

Examples of large polypeptide hormones

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Atrial natriuretic factor

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20
Q

Low mol weight proteins comprise

A

Hormones
Enzymes
Immunoprotein fragments
Tissue specific antigens

21
Q

T or F: LMWP have specific renal receptors

A

False, they do not have specific renal receptors except for hormones

22
Q

Most important of the circulating plasma proteins

A

Intermediate sized protein (albumin)

23
Q

Example of large sized proteins

A

Fibrinogen and immunoglobulins

24
Q

Longest part of the renal tubule

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

Multiligand receptors responsible for the constitutive uptake of a vast variety of filtered plasma proteins

A

Megalin and cubilin

26
Q

Most prevalent mode by which LMWP and polypeptides are extracted by the kidney is by

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Endocytic uptake
  3. Hydrolysis
  4. Return of the resulting amino acids to the circulation
27
Q

Amino acid transport types are classified according to

A

Specificity and sodium dependence

28
Q

Transporter for neutral amino acids

A

B0AT1

29
Q

Transporters for hlycine and proline

A

PAT2 and IMINO

30
Q

Glutamate transporter

A

EAAT3

31
Q

Normal urinary protein excretion

A

<150mg/24 hour

32
Q

Normal albumin excretion

A

<30mg

33
Q

Major urinary protein

A

Tamm Horsfall protein

34
Q

Where is the Tamm horsfall located

A

Luminal face of the thick ascending limb of Henle and early distal convoluted tubules of nephron

35
Q

Functions of TH protein

A

It takes part in the water impermeability of TAL

Plays a protective role towards pyelonephritogenic pathogens such as E.coli

36
Q

Most abundant protein in urine of healthy individuals

A

THP

37
Q

Stones may form d/t defective urinary THP d/t lack of

A

Sialic acid

38
Q

types of protein detected by UPEP

A

Albumin

Globulins

39
Q

UPEP test is done to

A

Help determine the cause of protein in the urine

As a screening test to measure the various amts of proteins in the urine

40
Q

LMWP and a member of the lipocalin protein superfamily

A

Alpha 1 microglobulin

41
Q

An increase in the urinary concentration of alpha 1 microgobulin indicates

A

Proximal tubule injury and/or impaired proximal tubular function

42
Q

Gold standard in the measurement of alpha 1microglobulin

A

24-hour urine collection

43
Q

Alpha 2 microglobulin is synthesized locally by

A

Macrophages, fibroblasts and adrenocortical cells

44
Q

group of globular proteins in plasma that are more mobile in alkaline or electrically charged solutions than gamma globulins but less mobile than alpha globulins

A

Beta globulins

45
Q

protein found on the surface of nucleated cells and functions as part of the human immune system.

A

Beta 2 microglobulin

46
Q

Reference range of beta 2 microglobulin in urine

A

0-0.3ug/mL

47
Q

These are monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains found in urine (and plasma) of some patients with myeloma or other lymphoid malignancies

A

Bence Jones Proteins

48
Q

The glomerular filtration barrier is a dynamic and highly selective filter that sieves on the basis of

A

Molecular size

Electrical charge

49
Q

The function of the kidney, filtering blood and concentrating metabolic waste into urine, takes place in an intricate and functionally elegant structure called the

A

Renal glomerulus

Block 19 Module 3 (9 decks)

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