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Block 19 Module 3 > Imaging Studies of the GUT > Flashcards

Imaging Studies of the GUT Flashcards

1
Q

Function as interim kidneys for approximately 4 weeks, until the permanent kidneys develop

A

Mesonephros

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2
Q
  1. The pronephros regresses completely during
A

End of 4th Week

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3
Q
  1. the mesonephros degenerates during
A

End of 1st trimester (3rd month)

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4
Q
  1. This structure induces the development of the definitive kidney
A

Ureteric bud

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5
Q
  1. This structure forms the definitive kidney. It appears in the 5th week of development and becomes functional around 12th week
A

Metanephros

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6
Q
  1. The 2 components of metanephric system
A

Collecting system and Excretory System

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7
Q
  1. This system is derived from the Ureteric bud. It dilates to create the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting tubules.
A

Collecting system

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8
Q
  1. This system is derived from the metanephric blastema which forms the kidney’s functional unit.
A

Excretory System

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9
Q
  1. The cloaca which is a common chamber for gastrointestinal and urinary waste will be divided into two parts by the uro – rectal septum during___.
A

4th – 7th week of development

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10
Q
  1. The urinary badder is initially drained by the ____ which will later become the _____
A

Allantois; Urachus

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11
Q
  1. This is the remnant of the Urachus
A

Median Umbilical Ligament

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12
Q
  1. Indications for KUB X – ray
A

Kidney stones
Abnormal calcifications
Renal agenesis

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13
Q
  1. Limitations of KUB X -ray
A

Renal outline may be obscured by bowel gas
Radiation exposure
No functional information
Retained barium from other procedures that may interfere with visualization

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14
Q
  1. Radiographic study of the renal parenchyma, pelvicalyceal system, ureters, and urinary bladder. Largely replaced by CT urography.
A

Intravenous Urography

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15
Q
  1. Indications of Intravenous Urography
A

Check for normal function of kidneys
Check for anatomical variants or congenital anomalies
Check the Course of the Ureters
Detect and Localize a Ureteric Obstruction (Urolithiasis)
Assess for synchronous upper tract disease in those with bladder transitional cell carcinoma

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16
Q
  1. Fluoroscopic study of the lower urinary tract in which contrast is introduced into the bladder via a catheter
A

Voiding Cystourethrography

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17
Q
  1. Grade and corresponding manifestation of VUR
A

Grade I – VUR into a non – dilated ureter
Grade II – VUR into the upper collecting system without dilation
Grade III – VUR into dilated ureter and/or blunting of calyceal fornices
Grade IV – VUR into grossly dilated ureter
Grade V – Massive VUR, with significant ureteral dilation and tortuosity and loss of the papillary impression

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18
Q
  1. In performing renal ultrasound these parameters should be look out for
A

Kidney Size
Location
Renal Outline
Corticomedullary Differentiation

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19
Q
  1. T or F. In a normal ultrasound, the cortex appears hyperechoic (bright) while the medulla appears hypoechoic.
A

T

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20
Q
  1. Hydronephrosis would appear ____ in ultrasound
A

Calyceal Splitting.

In cases with distal obstruction proximal end of dilated ureter may be seen

21
Q
  1. Calculi would appear as ____ in ultrasound
A

Echogenic (Bright) structures in distal acoustic shadowing

22
Q
  1. Screening Modality of choice for Renal Artery Stenosis
A

Ultrasound

23
Q
  1. Excellent cross-sectional imaging modality that provides functional information as well. Checks kidney function before contrast administration. Non – ionic contrast is preferred because of reduced side effects
A

CT Stonogram/Urogram

24
Q
  1. Limitations of CT Stonogram/Urogram
A

Radiation Exposure
Expensive
Contrast Exposure

25
Q
  1. Indications of CT Stonogram/Urogram
A

Renal Stone Disease
Renal/Bladder Massess
Trauma

26
Q
  1. Renal Stone Disease present as ____ hematuria
A

Painful

27
Q
  1. Renal/Bladder Masses present as _____ hematuria
A

Painless

28
Q
  1. Becoming the gold standard for detection of renal calculi
A

Non – contrast CT

29
Q
  1. This result from failure of the kidneys to ascend from the true pelvis into the lumbar region
A

Renal Ectopia

30
Q
  1. Most common form of Renal Ectopia
A

Pelvic Kidney

31
Q
  1. What condition is characterized by the fusion of kidneys at lower pole by a parenchymal or fibrous isthmus.
A

Horseshoe Kidney

32
Q
  1. Horseshoe Kidney is associated with these conditions
A

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureteral duplication, and genital tract anomalies.

33
Q
  1. This is a non – neoplastic benign saclike structures containing fluid
A

Simple Renal Cyst

34
Q
  1. Simple Renal Cyst is most commonly found in what area of the kidney
A

Renal Cortex; less commonly in parenchymal or parapelvic location

35
Q
  1. Modality of choice for Renal Cyst
A

Ultrasound

36
Q
  1. Pathognomonic Findings in Simple Renal Cyst
A

Spherical or slightly ovoid shape, homogenous internal structure and smooth margin

37
Q
  1. Intravenous Pyelogram Findings of Simple Renal Cyst
A

Splaying of calices by smooth tumor

38
Q
  1. The following would point to Atypical Cyst
A

Intracystic calcification and thickened wall
Higher viscosity of cyst fluid
Septa
Homogenous Internal Structure and Smooth wall

39
Q
  1. These are classified under Complicated Cyst
A

Hemorrhagic Cyst –simple cyst secondarily affected by hemorrhage due to trauma or hemorrhagic diathesis
Infected Cyst - VUR, hematogenous infection
Ruptured Cyst

40
Q
  1. This is a malignant epithelial tumor of the renal parenchyma usually arising in the renal poles
A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

41
Q
  1. Modality of Choice for RCC
A

Biphasic CT/MRI after intravenous contrast administration

Ultrasound

42
Q
  1. Pathognomonic Finding of RCC
A

Solid tumor of the renal cortex with rich vascular supply

Pseudocapsule

43
Q
  1. Refers to the presence of calculi anywhere along the course of the urinary tract
A

Urolithiasis

44
Q
  1. Most common stone
A

Calcium Oxalate

45
Q
  1. Calcium – containing stones appear ___ on plain radiograph
A

Radiopaque

46
Q
  1. Struvite (Triple phosphate) appear _____ on plain radiograph
A

Usually Opaque but variable

47
Q
  1. Lucent Stones Include the following ____
A

Uric Acid, cystine, Indinavir Stones, Pure matrix stones

48
Q
  1. Urolithiasis would present the following features in ultrasound
A

Echogenic Foci
Acoustic shadowing
Twinkle artifact on color Doppler
Color comet – tail artifact

Block 19 Module 3 (9 decks)

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