Renal Physiology and AKI (Week 5): pH, BP, Diuretics, Clinical AKI Flashcards
are ones that are in gas form, and this means carbon dioxide, CO2.
Volatile acids
Can’t be expired. They are excreted by the kidneys.
Fixed acids
help blunt the change in pH that would occur from adding acid or alkali to a solution.
Buffers
What are an important intracellular buffer?
Proteins
What are an important extracellular buffer?
Bicarbonates
Proteins and bicarbonate, work instantly. They prevent
major swings in pH, but they do not get rid of the _________________
acid or base
What can lead to acidosis?
Increasing the hydrogen ion concentration
Where does bicarbonate reabsorption occur?
Proximal Tubules
(w/ little remaining for reabsorption in the loop of Henle and distal segments)
There are two main
buffers in the kidney:
phosphate and ammonia.
Why may cattle develop metabolic alkalosis with kidney failure?
Because cattle normally have renal bicarbonate excretion
Don’t treat with bicarb unless the pH is less than ______
7.1
the medical term used to describe having too much sodium in the blood
hypernatremic
The main ways the
kidney controls it is via ________ , which maintains renal perfusion and promotes correction of HYPOtension, and via pressure natriuriesis, which dumps sodium and water to correct
HYPERtension
RAAS
________________ is determined by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, which is how tight the vessels are around the blood they contain.
Blood Pressure
_____________ is determined by heart rate and the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each heart beat
Cardiac Output