Acute Kidney Injury in Ruminants and Camelids Flashcards
Describe the pathophysiologic mechanism of heat-stress induced AKI in camelids
Climatic Heat stress and exercise - heat strain –> Increased HR, Decreased CVP, Decreased Blood Volume –> Hemoconcentration, e-lyte imbalances, increased RBC fragility
What are the 3 main categories of Pre-renal AKI causes?
- Circulatory collapse
- Severe dehydration
- Anemia
What is the overall cause of Pre-renal AKI?
Hemodynamic renal injury/insufficiency
Pre-renal AKI Causes
- Cardiac disease
- Severe Burns
- Heat stress
Circulatory Collapse
Pre-renal AKI Causes
- GI disease
- Impaired swallowing
- Inadequate intake
Severe Dehydration
Pre-renal AKI Causes
- GI Parasitism
- Blood parasitism
- Copper Toxicity
- Enzootic Hematuria
Anemia
difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease
dysphagia
What species is NOT as heat and humidity tolerant as other farm animals?
Camelids
Hemoconcentration, electrolyte imbalances, and shunting of blood to peripheral capillary beds —>
renal compromise
Renal AKI Causes are:
-Infectious/inflammatory
- Toxic
Leptospirosis in Cattle can present in different ways:
- Host-adapted
- Non Host-adapted
- Silent, subclinical carriers
- Persistent, latent urogenital infection
- Leptospira hardjo-bovis
Host-adapted
- Acute, severe disease
- Fever, lethargy, sharp Decreased milk production
- Hemolytic anemia - hemoglobinuria
- Leptospiremia - direct tubular damage
- Hardjo, pomona, grippotyphosa
Non host-adapted
What are the most present in the vaccines given to cattle?
Hardjo, pomona, grippotyphosa
(afferent arteriole) Prostaglandin causes:
Vasodilation