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HumBio 4A - 2nd Half > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what does glomerular filtration produce?

A

urine

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2
Q

when a substance moves down its concentration gradient, it’s called_______

A

passive transport

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3
Q

when a substance moves against its concentration gradient, it’s called ________

A

active transport

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4
Q

arteries go ______ the heart

A

away

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5
Q

veins go ______ the heart

A

towards

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6
Q

_______ ________ connect the artery to the vein in the kidneys

A

capillary beds

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7
Q

blood enters the kidneys through the _____ ____ and leaves the kidneys through the _____ _______

A

renal artery, renal vein

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8
Q

single smallest functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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9
Q

the nephron exists in the ____ _____ and the _____ ______

A

renal cortex, renal medulla

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10
Q

the nephron points in the medulla that collect urine initially are called the

A

renal calyx

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11
Q

we have 2 ______ that send urine away from the kidneys to the bladder

A

ureter

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12
Q

the junction where the renal vein, artery and ureter enter/leave the kidney

A

hilum

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13
Q

kidneys maintain _______

A

homeostasis

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14
Q

protruding from the renal artery are many ______ _______ that connect to the ______

A

afferent arteriole , glomerulus

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15
Q

leaving the glomerulus is the _____ _______

A

efferent arteriole

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16
Q

connected to the glomerulus, and collecting the filtrate is called _____ _______

A

bowman’s capsule

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17
Q

protruding from bowman’s capsule, a leg like projection is called a _______

A

podocyte

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18
Q

with more pressure, _____ filtration occurs

A

more

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19
Q

the peritubular capillaries of the nephron are also known as the _____ _____

A

vesa recta

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20
Q

in addition to filtering your blood, your kidneys help maintain your ____ ______ homeostatis

A

acid/base

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21
Q

typical pH

A

7.4

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22
Q

the renal system modifies the pH levels by using _____

A

bicarbonate

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23
Q

the respiratory system modifies pH levels by doing what?

A

exhaling CO2

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24
Q

what turns CO2 + H2O to carbonic acid

A

carbonic anhydrase

25
Q

a high pH is ______

A

alkalosis

26
Q

if we have renal alkalosis, we have too ______ bicarb reabsorption

A

much

27
Q

if we have renal alkalosis, the respiratory system will need to compensate by ______ CO2 levels by ____ ventilating

A

increase, hypo

28
Q

hyperventilating will _____ CO2 levels

A

decrease

29
Q

inulin is neither _____ or ______

A

secreted or absorbed

30
Q

______ is neither secreted or reabsorbed by the kidneys

A

inulin

31
Q

all inulin will be _____

A

excreted

32
Q

the glomerular filtration rate for inulin is equal to the ____

A

RCF

33
Q

glucose is typically ______ at normal levels

A

reabsorbed

34
Q

PAH is typically _____ at normal levels

A

excreted

35
Q

PAH is typically _____ at normal levels

A

secreted

36
Q

3 mechanisms for controlling pH

A
  1. acid is buffered (seconds)
  2. Respiratory system eliminates acid (minutes)
  3. Renal system eliminates acid (hours)
37
Q

bircarbonate buffer equation

A

CO2+H2OH2CO3H+ +HCO3-

38
Q

pH range for humans

A

7-7.8

39
Q

the lower the pH, the ____ acidic

A

more

40
Q

the more H+, the ____ acidic

A

more

41
Q

sequence of flow through nephron

A

bowman’s capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending limb of Loop of Henle -> ascending limb of Loop of Henle -> Distal Convoluted Tubule -> Collecting duct

42
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

43
Q

what is the GFR?

A

how much plasm passes from the circulation into the Bowman’s capsule per unit time?

44
Q

RCF

A

renal clearance factor

45
Q

what is the RCF

A

how much plasma can be cleared of substance per unit of time

46
Q

the vasa recta flows in the ______ of the loop of henle

A

opposite

47
Q

the blood in the vasa recta first absorbs ______ from the _______ loop of Henle, and then absorbs ______ from the _______ loop of Henle

A

Na2+ ascending, water, descending

48
Q

Ux

A

amount of substance X urine

49
Q

Px

A

amount of substance in the plasma

50
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate , rate that filtrate is entering the nephron

51
Q

RCF

A

amount of substance leaving the body per unit of time

52
Q

V

A

flow of urine

53
Q

rate of filtration

A

Px*GFR

54
Q

rate of excretion

A

Ux*V

55
Q

PxGFR - UxV =???

A

+ if reabsorption, - if secretion

56
Q

secretion

A

when substances are moved into the nephron

57
Q

secretion happens where?

A

the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

58
Q

once the transport maximum is reached, glucose will be _______

A

excreted

HumBio 4A - 2nd Half (13 decks)

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