RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
what three things control renin secretion
Intrarenal baroreceptors
Sympathetic input
Macula densa feedback
what does angiotensin II and name at least two things that it does
it is a vasoconstrictor
stimulates the release of aldosteron
stimulates sodium bicarb reabsorption in the proximal tubule
preferentially constricts efferent arterioles
what does aldosterone do to the kidneys
promotes Na reabsorption and K excretion in the proximal tubule
in severe volume depletion what are the major stimuli leading to major output effects and what does this cause the kidney to do
Major stimuli:
- inc plasma osm
- decreased blood volume
- decreased blood pressure
Major output:
- sympathetic stimuli
- increase in RAAS
Kidney:
- reduced excretion of salt and water
- increased retention
in acute volume expansion what are the major stimuli leading to major output effects and what does this cause the kidney to do
major stimuli:
- change in atrial volume and pressure
major outputs:
- ANP
- decreased sympathetics
Kidney:
- massive dieresis and diluted urine
what type of cells line the proximal convoluted tubule
simple cuboidal epithelial cells with prominent brush borders of microvilli
which cell type lines the descending limb and the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle
simple squamous epithelial cells
Which cell type lines the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells
which cell type lines the DCT
simple cuboidal epithelial cells
which cell type lines the last part of the DCT and collecting duct
simple cuboidal epithelium consisting of principal cells and intercalated cells
what do principal cells do in the DCT
mediate the collecting ducts influence on sodium and potassium balance via sodium and potassium channels on the cells apical membrane
which hormone determines expression of sodium channels on the surface of the principal cells in the collecting duct
aldosterone
what do the intercalated cells in the collecting ducts participate in
acid base homeostasis
how and where is glucose reabsorbed in the nephron
in the PCT
through Na-glucose symporters in the apical membrane
then through basolateral membrane through glucose facilitated diffusion transporters
what are the membrane transporters located in the apical membrane of the cells lining the thick ascending lumb of the loop of henle
Na-K-2Cl symporters
