Haemoptysis/ Lung Ca Flashcards
how can malignant primaries in the lung be classified
SMALL CELL (20-30%) - endocrine (kulchitsky cells)
NON-SMALL CELL squamous large cell adenocarcinoma bronchoalveolar
where else in the body are SCCs found
oesophagus, stomach and cervix
SCCs are endocrine cells which secrete polypeptides causing endocrine disturbance such as
Addison’s
Cushings
Hypercalcaemia
why are SCCs often inoperable
early spread
respond well to chemo but poor prognosis
which electrolyte disturbance can be caused by lung squamous carcinoma
hypercalcaemia
which type of lung cancer cavitates with a jagged edge on CXR
squamous cell carcinoma
why does large cell lung cancer have a poor prognosis
metastasizes early
from which cells to lung adenocarcinomas develop
mucous cells in the bronchial epithelium causing excessive mucus production
which lymph nodes to adenocarcinomas spread to
mediastinal and pleural –> spreads to brain
which type of lung primary cancer can cause pleural effusions
adenocarcinoma
which lung primary cancer involves type II pneumocytes
bronchoalveolar
can cause bronchorrhoea and histologically tombstone/bobnail cells
in which demographic is lung adenocarcinoma more common in non-smokers
women
far east
whcih is the most common cause of cancer death
bronchial carcinoma
which type of lung cancer is particularly linked with smoking
squamous, small cell and large cell cancer
which type of asbestos is associated with mesothelioma
blue asbestos
what are paraneoplastic syndromes
non metastatic complications HORMONAL: - hyper calcaemia (squamous) - SIADH - ACTH
NEUROMUSCULAR
- lambert eaton myaesthenic syndrome
- cerebellar sydromes
- neuropathies
which way does the trachea deviate in pleural effusion caused by lung Ca
TOWARDS the tumour occluding the main bronchus
what is SVC obstruction
swelling of hands and face and arms
headaches worse when leaning forwards
dilated veins
wht are the signs of a Pancoast’s tumour
rib destruction/pain in shoulder
atrophy of hand muscles in C8 T1 dist
Horner’s syndrome (ptosis and small puplis)
progressive consolidation on CXR may be suggestive of which type of lung Ca
alveolar cell carcinoma
what is the DDx of consolidation on CXR
infection water blood inflammation tumour
what are the 4 Ts of anterior mediastinal masses
teratoma
thyroid
T cell lymphoma
Thymoma
which conditions is thymoma associated with
Myasthenia gravis red cell aplasia SLE hypogammaglobinaemia rheumatoid disease
what might be suggestive of lung Ca on CXR
peripheral circular opacities hilar enlargement lung collapse consolidation pleural effusion bony secondaries
