Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Transport > Aortic Stenosis > Flashcards

Aortic Stenosis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common causes of aortic stenosis

A

calcific degeneration
bicuspid valve
rheumatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does aortic stenosis cause

A

increased pressure in LV

  • -> LVH
  • -> LV dilatation
  • -> LV failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which cause of aortic stenosis tends to present in 40-50s

A

bicuspid aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which cause of aortic stenosis can present at any age

A

rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in which age group does degenerative AS present in

A

70s - 80s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the features of Marfan’s syndrom

A

MV prolapse
aortic weakness
high arched palate
lens dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which is the most common congenital heart disease

A

bicuspid AV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Heyde’s syndrom

A

angiodysplasia of the colon presenting with iron deficiency anaemia
can be due to a form of vW disease

tubulence around the stenoses AV may cause the breakdown of fVIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the radiographic sign of coarctation

A

ribnotching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is William’s syndrome

A

neurodevelopment disorders
children have dysmorphic appearance
subaortic membrane may be present
associated with hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 4 defects present in Shone’s disease

A

4 left sided defects:

1) supravalvular mitral membrane
2) parachute mitral valve
3) subaortic stenosis
4) coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does rheumatic/scarlet fever present

A

strep infection

1) sore throat –> febrile
2) pancarditis –> HF/mitral murmurs

If left untreated fibrotic valves and commissures fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why does heart failure occur if aortic stenosis is not removed

A

CO cannot increase

  • -> systolic BP falls leading to coronary ischaemia
  • -> myocardium fails
  • -> cardiac arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the Frank-starling curve defined by

A 
x= afterload
y= inotropy

increasing after load or decreasing isotropy shifts the curve down and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the risk factors for calcific valves

A 
old age
male
elevated lipoprotein and LDL
hypertension
diabetes
smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the symptoms of aortic stenosis

A 
SYNCOPE
ANGINA
DYSPNOEA
cold peripheries
low bp
oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the signs of aortic stenosis

A

slow rising pulse
apex thrust
ejection systolic murmur radiating to the carotids
narrow pulse pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what clinical signs would be present if there was aortic regurgitation

A

wide pulse pressure and a collapsing pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what would a pan systolic murmur indicate

A

mitral regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what would an ejection systolic murmur be indicative

A

aortic stenosis

21
Q

what would a diastolic murmur be indicative of

A

aortic regurg; mitral stenosis

22
Q

why is it important to perform an FBC on someone you suspect has aortic stenosis

A

to ensure not anaemic as can affect flow gradient

23
Q

how is mild AS defined

A

AV PPG 10-35mmHg

AVA > 1 sq cm

24
Q

how is moderate AS defined

A

AV PPG 35-65mmHg

AVA 0.6-1 sq cm

25
Q

how is severe AS

A

AV PPG >65mmHg

AVA<0.6 sq cm

26
Q

why is it important to maintain good dental hygiene in patients with mild -> moderate AS

A

endocarditis can be caused by Streptococcal viridans

27
Q

why are vasodilators and venodilators (such as nitrates and ACE inhibitors) contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis

A

can cause syncope as blood pools in veins

28
Q

in which group of patients might the Ross procedure be preferable

A

younger puts with CHD as valve grows as child grows, no need for anticoagulation

29
Q

what are the disadvantages of xenograft valves

A

not good for very sick puts

will result in some aortic regurg as leafletswill not fully close

30
Q

why do mechanical valves require high INRs

A

turbulence

valves are thrombogenic

31
Q

is the first heart sound at the beginning of systole or diastole

A

systole

32
Q

what happens as a result of increased CVP in heart failure

A

blood backs up in the capillary system and oedema forms

33
Q

what determines CVP

A

venous return

rate at which blood leaves the right atrium

34
Q

which 2 cranial nerves are involved in the baroreceptor reflex

A

vagus

glossopharyngeal

35
Q

what is the definition of CVP

A

pressure within the right atrium

36
Q

what is a Guyton curve

A

cardiac output plotted against CVP

37
Q

which receptors are targeted by the sympathetic nervous system

A

beta-1 receptors

38
Q

what methods are there for measuring CO

A

Rick’s principle
Hamilton’s dilution test
thermodilution
pulsed doppler

39
Q

what makes the first heart sound

A

closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve

40
Q

how does a decrease in VR affect CVP

A

increases CVP and reduced difference between arterial and venous systems

41
Q

which method for measuring CO is least invasive

A

pulsed doppler

42
Q

where on the ECG correlated with the 2nd heart sound

A

the down stroke of the T wave

43
Q

which method for measuring CO is most invasive and also accurate

A

Fick’s principle

44
Q

which treatments are used for heart failure

A

diuretics

digoxin

45
Q

which valve closes to make the second heart sound

A

aortic

46
Q

how does the body compensate for heart failure

A

attempts to increase aterial pressure and thus venous return/CO by increasing salt and water retention

47
Q

where on the ECG does the first heart sound correlate

A

the peak of the R wave

48
Q

which part of the brain co-ordinates ANS control of heart rate

A

medulla

Transport (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions