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Renal > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Histo descending loop of Henle

A

simple squamous

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2
Q

Histo ascending limb of Henle

A

simple cuboidal

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3
Q

pain from urinary bladder

A

pelvic splanchnic nerve –> S2-4

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4
Q

osmolality XXXX in the descending limb

A

increases dramatically

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5
Q

Toxicities of furosemide (OHHH)

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
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6
Q

Toxicities of furosomide (DANG)

A
  • Dehydration
  • Allergy (sulfa)
  • Nephritis (interstitial)
  • Gout
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7
Q

Mneumonic for toxicities of fusosemide

A

OHHH DANG

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8
Q

Pressure of glomerular capillaries

A

high

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9
Q

pressure of peritubular capillaries

A

low

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10
Q

Site for PTH-driven calcium reabsorption in the kidney?

A

DCT

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11
Q

RBF is what % of CO

A

20%

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12
Q

cell types in collecting tubules

A

principal cells and intercalated cells

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13
Q

Principal cells

A

resorb Na+ and H2O & secrete K+

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14
Q

site of aldosterone control

A 
Principal cells (inc Na reabsorp + K+ secretion);
also inc H+ secretion by interacalated cells
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15
Q

Efferent limb of the micturition reflex

A

Parasympathetic innervation of bladder: S2-4 –>pelvic splanchnic nn..

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16
Q

Micturition reflex causes

A

Contraction of the detrusor m & relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter.

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17
Q

PTH –> kidney mediator of vit D

A

1-α-hydroxylase

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18
Q

(CH2O) = V – Cosm

A

free water clearance (ability to dilute the urine)

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19
Q

actions of angiotensin II

A
  • inc BP
  • inc Na/H ex & bicarb reabs in PCT
  • inc aldosterone
  • ind ADH
  • stim hypothal
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20
Q

Use of what class of diuretic leads to CH2O = 0?

A

Loop

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21
Q

renal cells that make EPo

A

interstitial fibroblasts

22
Q

Which cells secrete renin?

A

JGA smooth muscle

23
Q

three embryological remnants connect to bladder apex

A

mediaN, mediaL, & lateral umbilical ligaments

24
Q

3 stimuli for renin production

A

Dec RBP
Dec NaCL to DCT sensed by macula densa
Inc sympathetic tone

25
Q

ACE inhibitors for HTN

A

decrease angiotensin sympathetic activity

26
Q

Ph buffers are most effective within

A

1.0 pH unit of the pKa

27
Q

Angotensin II ↑ Na/H ex & HCO3- reabs

A

PCT

28
Q

ACE inhibitors for CHF

A

dec aldosterone –> dec intravascular volume

29
Q

ACE inhibitors examples

A

captopril, enalapril, lisinopril

30
Q

What determines reabsorption of water at the thin descending loop of Henle?

A

medullar hypertonicity & impermeability to Na+ –> passive reabsorption

31
Q

3 toxicities of spironolactone

A

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects

32
Q

Reabsorption of filtered bicarb in PCT is directly coupled to renal H secretion via the action of

A

carbonic anhydrase & the Na/H+ antiporter.

33
Q

How do renal PCT cells create a low intracellular Na+ (gradient)?

A

Na/K ATPase on the basolateral membrane extrudes Na from renal tubular cells into the interstitium,

34
Q

Low intracellular Na facilitates movement of H into the renal PCT movement via

A

NA/H antiporter

35
Q

PCT luminal H+ may combine with HCO3- via XXX

A

luminal carbonic anhydrase, located in the brush border of the PCT

36
Q

CO2 in PCT lumen diffuses into PCT cell, where it is converted by

A

intracellular carbonic anhydrase back into H+ and HCO3-

37
Q

PCT intracellular bicarb is transported through the BL membrane back into IF (–> blood) by

A

???? I DON”T KNOW!!

38
Q

For each HCO3- filtered in the PCT, one XXXX is secreted into the renal tubular lumen.

A

H+

39
Q

Why hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors?

A

decreased aldosterone effect (less K+ secreted by principal cells in the collecting tubules)

40
Q

toxicities of ACE inhibitors (CAPTO)

A 
cough
angioedema
pregnancy contraindication
taste of metal
hypOtension
41
Q

toxicities of ACE inhibitors (PRIL)

A

Potassium elevation
Rash
Increased renin
Low Angiotensin II

42
Q

Renal prostaglandins vasodilate afferent articles –>

A

inc GFR (maintain)

43
Q

NSAIDS inhibit renal prostaglandins –>

A

dec GFR

44
Q

anion gap metabolic acidosis (MUD)

A

Methanol *(formate), metformin
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosis

45
Q

ACE inhibitors treat what three conditions?

A

HTN, CHF, Diabetes

46
Q

Where is ACE made?

A

lungs

47
Q

ANP effect on renin

A

decrease

48
Q

ANP effect on GFR

A

increase

49
Q

net effect of ANP

A

increase diuresis and dec interstitial edema

50
Q

inc ANP levels are seen in patients with

A

pulmonary congestion

51
Q

Losartan MOA

A

blocks angiotensin II type 1 receptors

52
Q

Aliskerin MOA

A

Renin inhibitor

Renal (22 decks)

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