Renal embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Bilateral agenesis (incompatible with life)

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2
Q

Lung hypoplasia, flat face with low set eats, and developmental defects of extremities

A

Potter sequence of bilateral agenesis

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3
Q

Noninherited, congenital malformation of the renal parenchyma characterized by cysts and abnormal tissue (e.g. cartilage)

A

Dysplastic kidney (usually unilateral in real life, but bilateral on step 1)

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4
Q

inherited defect –> bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts in renal cortex and medulla

A

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

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5
Q

PKD that presents in young adults with HTN (inc renin), hematuria, and worsening renal failure

A

autosomal dominant PKD

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6
Q

Mutations in APKD1 or APKD2 –> development of cysts in kidneys over time

A

AD PKD

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7
Q

AD PKD is associated with three things

A

berry aneurysm (cause of death),
hepatic cysts,
mitral valve prolapse

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8
Q

Inherited (AD) defect –> cysts in medullary collecting ducts –> parenchymal fibrosis resulting in shrunken kidneys and worsening renal failure

A

Medullary cystic kidney disease

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9
Q

Conjoined kidneys usually connected at the lower pole; most common kidney anomaly

A

horseshoe kidney

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10
Q

What does horseshoe kidney get stuck on during embryogenesis?

A

IMA

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11
Q

absence of kidney formation

A

renal agenesis

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12
Q

Leads to hypertrophy of existing kidney –> hyper filtration increased the risk of renal failure later in life

A

unilateral agenesis

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13
Q

PKD that presents in infants with worsening renal failure, HTN, & potter sequence

A

Autosomal recessive PKD

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14
Q

AR PKT is associated with

A

congenital hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cysts –> portal hypertension

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15
Q

“kidney” that exists till week 4 of fetal life, then degenerates

A

Pronephros

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16
Q

functions as interim kidney for 1st trimester; laster contributes to male genital system

A

Mesonephros

17
Q

permanent kidney; first appears in 5th week of gestation; nephrogenesis continues through 32-36 weeks of gestation

A

Metanephros

18
Q

Derived from caudal end of mesonephros; gives rise to ureter, pelvises, calyces, and collecting ducts; fully canalized by 10th week

A

ureteric bud

19
Q

Ureteric bud interacts with this tissue; interaction induces differentiation and formation of glomerulus through to DCT

A

Metanephric mesenchyme

20
Q

last to canalize - most common site of obstruction (hydronephrosis) in the fetus

A

Ureteropelvic junction

21
Q

aberrant interaction between these two tissues may result in several congenital malformations of the kidney

A

ureteric bud, metanephric mesenchyme

22
Q

Oligohydramnios –> compression of fetus –> limb deformities, facial deformities, and pulmonary hypoplasia (COD)

A

Potter’s syndrome

23
Q

Babies who can’t Pee in utero develop

A

Potter’s

24
Q

Causes of Potter’s syndrome

A

ARPKD,
posterior urethral valves
bilateral renal agenesis

25
genetic condition associated with horseshoe kidney
Turner syndrome
26
inferior poles of both kidneys fuse --> trapped under IMA (remain low in abdomen), but kidney functions normally
Horseshoe kidney
27
Abnormal interaction between ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme --> nonfunctional kidney consisting of cats and connective tissue
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
28
Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
generally asymptomatic with compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral kidney
29
diagnosis of multi cystic dysplastic kidney
usually prenatally via ultrasound