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Urology > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system function

A

Removal of waste
regulation of water volume, salt and pH
other homeostatic functions

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2
Q

Name functional unit of urinary system

A

Nephron

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3
Q

Name the 3 steps in the process of nephron

A

Filtration
absorption
secretion

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4
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

towards the glomerulus

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5
Q

efferent arteriole

A

away from glomerulus

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6
Q

5 structures of renal tubular(nephron)

A

Glomerular(bowman) capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle(thin desc,thin asc, thick asc)
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct

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7
Q

Which parts of nephron are in which part of the kidney

A

loop of henele and lower collecting duct is in the medulla and rest is in cortex
the actual loop of the loop of henle is in the inner medulla

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8
Q

Name 2 different types of nephron

A

cortical nephrons
juxtamedullary mephrons

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9
Q

Features of cortical nephrons and regulation use

A

Renal corpuscle within cortex
normal conditions
relatively short loop of henle

regulate blood volume

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10
Q

Features of juxta medullary nephrons and regulation use

A

Renal corpuscle close to medulla
extreme conditions
relatively long loop of henle

retention of water

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11
Q

Draw a renal corpuscle cross section

A

insert image

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12
Q

reabsorption and secretion for PCT

A

reabsorb-water ions nutrients
secretion- urea H+, waste

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13
Q

reabsorption and secretion loop of henle

A

descending limb REABSORPTION of water
ascending limb reabsorption of sodium and other ions

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14
Q

reabsorption and secretion for DCT

A

reabsorb- ions, water (ADH)

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15
Q

reabsorption/secretion for collecting duct

A

reabsorb- water(ADH)/urea
secretion-ions

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16
Q

Features of glomerular filtration

A

blood flow essential for function
regulation of glomerular filtration rate
balance of afferent+efferent vasoconstriction

17
Q

What is urine output based of

A

ADH in DCT and CD
composition:
- acid-base homeostasis
-relative proportions of components reabsorbed and excreted

18
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

-DCT runs between afferent and efferent arterioles
-provides feedback on composition of filtrate
-macula densa cells

19
Q

What are macular densa cells

A

specialized cells in the tubule wall

20
Q

What does the RAAS do/maintain

A

maintenance of blood pressure, blood volume and electrolyte balance

21
Q

1st step of RAAS

A

Pressure reduction detected by baroreceptors in JGA(in nephron) and sodium reduction by chemoreceptors in macula densa(in DCT) causes release of renin by JGA(juctaglomerular aparatus)

22
Q

What does Renin cause (2nd RAAS)

A

angiotensinogen from liver conversion to angiotensin 1 and then converting enzymes from lungs convert to angiotensin 2

23
Q

What happens to angiotensin 2 (3rd RAAS)

A

PCT-increase sodium retention
Posterior pituitary- release ADH(water reabsorption by DCT and CD)
Adrenal gland- increase of aldosterone- kidneys to increase sodium reabsorption(DCT and cause water reabsorption)

24
Q

What else does angiotensin 2 do to increase blood pressure/volume

A

Vasoconstriction of arterioles and increase sympathetic nervous system
Increase GFR to aid filtration despite reduction in pressure and volume of blood

25
Q

How can kidney control pH briefly

A

adjusting amount of HCO3- excreted or reabsorbed in PCT and DCT and amount of H+ actively secreted by PCT and CD
Reabsorption of HCO3 equal to excretion of free H+
Hours to days for changes to occur

26
Q

How do kidney help erthrocyte production

A

production of erythropoietin which helps erythropoiesis through action on bone marrow

27
Q

When does kidney release erythropoietin

A

reduction in RBC cause reduction in pO2 which is detected by renal interstitial peritubular cells so releases erythropoietin and RBC made so pO2 restored so erythropoietin levels fall

Urology (3 decks)

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