Renal Pathophysiology & Nursing

Question 1

cystitis [pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management, nursing management, surgical interventions]

Answer 1

Pathophysiology: microorganisms (E coli) > inflammation
Risk factors: female, bad hygiene
Clinical manifestations: dysuria, haematuria, frequency of voiding
Management: MSU, antibiotics
Nursing management: treat nausea & dysuria, encourage fluids, educations re: medications, hygiene

Question 2

acute pyelonephritis [pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management, nursing management, surgical interventions]

Answer 2

Pathophysiology: chronic UT obstruction > inflammation > development of calyces, destruction of tubules, scarring > lesions cause fibrosis between the tubules
Risk factors: female, bad hygiene
Clinical manifestations: dysuria, flank pain, cloudy urine, lethargy, nausea, chills, fever
Management: MSU, antibiotics, analgesics, FBE blood culture
Nursing management: IV/medication management & education, FBC, treat nausea and pain

Question 3

renal calculi (kidney stones) [pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management, nursing management, surgical interventions]

Answer 3

Pathophysiology: ^ levels of calcium > supersaturated crystals precipitate and cause stone formation
Risk factors: metabolic, dietary, genetic, lifestyle, occupation
Clinical manifestations: severe abdomical pain/flank pain, naursea, fever, pallor
Management: analgesics, infection control, increased fluids, medications, diet
Nursing management: pain, medications, vitals, increase fluids, strain urine